infection control
Infection control
Microorganism(351)
What is a microorganism?
-“microbe” - small living plant/animal
- found everywhere in the environment
classified as:
- non pathogens = normal body flora
- pathogens = germs
needs to survive
-warm environment (most ideal is body temp)
-dark environment(most killed by sunlight)
-anaerobic is without oxygen
-aerobic is with oxygen
Protects us from microbes
-non-pathogens, immune system
Are they harmful?
No, some are beneficial if they are in the right body system, but when they are not they become pathogenic when present in another body system
6 classes of Microbes
1. bacteria
2. fungi
3. parasite (helminths)
4. parasites (rickettsiae)
5. protozoa
6. viruses
Bacteria (352)
-simple one celled organism that multiply quickly
-classified by shape and arrangement
*EX. meningitis, pneumonia, strep throat
-cocci(round and spherical shape)
-staphylococci causes infection such as boil,uti(clustered)
-streptococci causes infection such as strep(chained)
-diplococci causes infection gonorrhea, meningitis (paired)
-micrococci
Antibiotics
- used to kill bacteria
-antibiotic resistance
- to avoid:take all medicine as directed even if you feel better
- bacteria can mutate once exposed to antibiotic that are not taken specifically as directed
EX-Methicillin-resistance staphylococcus
Spirilla and Spirochete(352)
-comma shaped vibrio and corkscrew shape spirochete
Protozoa(352)
-singled celled -has flagella to help them move
Found:
- decaying materials
- animal feces
- insect bites
- contaminated water
Spores
-thick walled capsule surrounding the bacillia
Fungi(353)
-simple plant like organism
-yeast - mold
-live in dead organic matter
-antifungal medication
-expensive -takes long
-may cause liver damage -antibiotics don’t work
Parasite:Rickettsiae(353)
-parasitic microorganism
-can’t live outside the cells of another living organism
- transmission
-antibiotics are effective against many
Ex: rocky mountain spotted fever/ typhus fever
chain of infection(355)
consecutive agent >reservoir>portal of exit>mode of transmission >portal entry >susceptible host
Causative agent can enter host by breakage of skin, mucous membrane, respiratory tract, circulatory system
Antiseptics are used on the skin, alcohol
Viruses
*viruses are the smallest microorganisms(353)
-electron microscope needed to view
-reproduce in living cells
-transmission via bodily fluids
-difficult to kill
-new constantly emerging
-bird flu is aka avian virus
-HIV-human immunodeficiency virus
-hep B and C can stay in dried blood
parasite: helminths
-worms or flukes
- hookworms flukes, enterobiasis pinworms, taenia solium tapeworms
parasite: rickettsiae
-can’t live outside the cell of another living organisms
-transmission
-antibiotics are effective against many EX. rocky mountain spotted fever; typhus fever
Nonsocial infection-one acquired by an individual in a healthcare facility
Sterile-free from good nonpathogenic and bad pathogen microbes