RBT-Exam-Study-Guide-1
RBT Training Glossary
ABC: This stands for antecedent – behavior – consequence. It is also known as the 3-term contingency.
Abolishing Operation: A motivating operation that can decrease reinforcer effectiveness. It is usually associated with satiation.
Acquisition: A target that is in the process of being taught. This behavior is not yet a known skill for the learner.
Antecedent Interventions: Recognizing environmental factors that can attribute to problematic behavior and making changes necessary to promote appropriate behavior and reduce possible triggers for maladaptive behavior.
Antecedent: Events that occur before a behavior.
Backward Chaining: Teaching skill steps one at a time from the last step to the first and prompting all steps before the step being taught. Reinforcement is provided after teaching the specific step and at the end of the task.
Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP): Once the function of behavior has been determined, BIPs are used for antecedent strategies, responding to maladaptive behavior, teaching replacement behavior, and determining what interventions to use, both verbal and physical.
Behavior Skills Training (BST): A procedure consisting of instruction, modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and feedback used to teach new behaviors or skills.
Behavior: Anything a person does that can be observed and measured. There are 4 functions of behavior: 1. Sensory/Automatic: Providing self-stimulation and is automatically reinforced. 2. Escape: Avoiding or escaping a demand or undesirable task. 3. Attention: Can be socially mediated and seeks attention in any way from others. 4. Access: Tangible reinforcement; wanting a preferred item.
Chaining: Used to teach multi-step skills in which the steps involved are defined through task analysis. Each separate step is taught to link together the total “chain.” Can be done via backward, forward, or total task analyses.
Consequence: Something that follows a behavior.
Continuous Measurement: Records every single occurrence of a behavior. Examples include frequency, duration, rate, and per opportunity.
Continuous Reinforcement: The target behavior occurs and is reinforced after every single occurrence.
Deprivation: Not having something often enough, which in return increases the effectiveness of it when used as a reinforcer.
Differential Reinforcement (3 Types): A procedure in which one behavior is reinforced while other behaviors are extinguished. * DRI (Differential Reinforcement of INCOMPATIBLE behaviors): Reinforcing behavior incompatible with an undesirable behavior. Example: Reinforce Johnny for writing his name appropriately rather than tapping his pencil. * DRA (Differential Reinforcement of ALTERNATIVE behaviors): Reinforce behavior that is an appropriate alternative (replacement) for the undesirable behavior. Example: Reinforce Annie when she asks for a break instead of yelling to get out of work. * DRO (Differential Reinforcement of OTHER behaviors): Reinforce any other behavior other than the undesirable behavior. Example: Reinforce Luke with a gummy every minutes he does not engage in crying.
Discontinuous Measurement: Used to measure some instances of behavior but not all. Typically associated with partial and whole interval recording and momentary time sampling.
Discrete Trial: A learning opportunity initiated and controlled by the teacher in which the correct response will be reinforced. This involves breaking a skill into smaller parts and teaching it while using reinforcement. It allows for presentation of many learning opportunities in a short amount of time following the 3-term contingency.
Discrimination Training: The procedure in which a behavior is reinforced in the presence of one stimulus and extinguished in the presence of another stimulus. It assists with learning how to respond in different environments/conditions and allows the client to learn the differences between stimuli.
Discriminative Stimulus (Sd): A cue that signals reinforcement is available if the subject makes a particular response (a Demand or Instruction).
Dual Relationship: A situation where multiple roles exist between a therapist and a parent or client (also referred to as multiple relationships).
Duration: The total amount of time that someone engages in a behavior.
Echoic: Verbal imitation; repeating the speaker.
Error Correction (ECTER): When a client makes a mistake on a target that has been previously mastered, do NOT acknowledge the mistake. Re-present the trial and be ready to prompt for a correct answer. Follow these steps: 1. Error: Child touches car when prompted to touch bike. 2. Correction: Re-present the Sd with a prompt. 3. Transfer: Re-present the Sd without a prompt. 4. Expand: Place easy/mastered demands. 5. Return: Return to Sd of incorrect response (“touch bike”); provide reinforcement for correct response.
Errorless Teaching: Prompting the correct response as soon as you give the Sd so the client does not have a chance to make an error.
Establishing Operation (EO): Increases the current effectiveness of a stimulus. Usually associated with deprivation.
Ethics: Technicians must follow the BACB’s code of ethics. Failure to follow the mandatory code can lead to loss of employment and certification.
Expressive Language: The ability to communicate thoughts, ideas, wants, and needs. Examples include identifying and labeling objects, putting words together for sentences, describing actions, answering questions, and making requests.
Extinction: The withholding of reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior, resulting in reduction of that behavior.
Extinction Burst: The increase in frequency and/or intensity of behavior in the early stages of extinction.
Fixed Interval (FI): A schedule of reinforcement used for a set amount of time.
Fixed Ratio (FR): A schedule of reinforcement used for a set amount of responses.
Forward Chaining: Teaching skill steps one at a time from the first step to the last and prompting all steps after the step being taught. Reinforcement is provided after teaching the step and at the end of the task.
Frequency: The amount of times, or count, a behavior or response happens.
Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA): The process by which behavioral interventions are created to determine the function of a behavior. * A Functional Analysis (FA) involves manipulating the environment to understand behavior. * An FBA involves observation, interview, and collecting ABC data.
Functional Relationship: How a person’s behaviors change the world around him/her, and how those changes affect the future likelihood of the same behaviors.
Generalization: Change occurs when a behavior occurs outside of the learning environment (across settings, time, and people).
HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Provides federal protection for individual health information confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Imitation: Copying someone’s motor movements.
Incidental Teaching: A teaching technique used in naturally occurring environments to create natural incidents of learning (social, communication, play, etc.).
Instructional Control: Developing a history of reinforcing compliance. Placing task demands/instructions following pairing to increase the likelihood of a correct response.
Intermittent Reinforcement: Schedule of reinforcing some but not all desirable behavior.
Inter-Response Time (IRT): The time between two responses given.
Intraverbal: Building blocks to conversation skills; the ability to discuss, describe, or answer a question about something not physically present.
Latency: The time between when the Sd is presented and the response is given.
Listener Responding: Following a direction given (receptive language goal).
Listener Responding Feature Function Class (LRFFC): Receptively finding an object based on its appearance (feature), what it is used for (function), or category (class).
Magnitude: The force or intensity with which a response is emitted.
Maintenance: The ability of a child to demonstrate previously acquired skills over time when reinforcement has been faded.
Mand: Asking for something; a request that has motivation.
Measurement: Collecting data on various skills or behaviors.
Momentary Time Sample: Recording if a behavior is occurring at the precise moment a timer goes off at the end of an interval.
Motivating Operation: Change in environment that increases or decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
Natural Environment Teaching (NET): Learning initiated by the learner where the reinforcer is a result of the activity or opportunity.
Negative Reinforcement: Removing a stimulus to increase or strengthen a behavior.
Operational Definition: Definitions of behavior that are measurable, objective, and observable. *