unit 5

● What is PCR and what are three main stages of it

● What are taq polymerase, dNTPs, primers

● What is the role of temperature in PCR

● Compare and contrast DNA replication in the cells and in PCR step by step

● What is qPCR and degenerate PCR? When would you use each?

● What are PCR products? Can you analyze a gel of PCR products?

● Applications of PCR

● How can the plants be modified without direct DNA alteration?

● What are the main steps of plant transformation?

● What is the role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in transformation process? Why is this bacterium  a good vector?

● What is the structure of Ti plasmid? What can be engineered?

● What is Bt gene? Where do we get it and how is it useful?

● What are main steps of plant transformation?

● What is the difference between monocot and dicot plants?

● What is the structure of the seed?

● How can transgenic animal be created? What are the main methods?

● How is biotechnology used in veterinary medicine?

● What is the main purpose of using reproductive technologies in livestock agriculture?

● Why artificial insemination used so widely in agriculture?

● Why are sperms and embryos sexed?

● How does flow cytometry works in sperm sexing?

● What is the purpose of multiple embryo transfer?

● How is cloning of the animals done?  What is the purpose of cloning in agriculture?

● What is marker-assisted selection? What are markers?