grade 9-chemistry_ethiofetenacom_7278
Page 1: Title Page
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Ministry of Education
Chemistry Student Textbook Grade 9
Topics: Chemistry, Medicine, Food Production, Agriculture, Building, Bonding, Construction, Measurements
Page 2: Care Instructions
This textbook is the property of your school. Take good care not to damage or lose it.
10 ways to take care of the book:
Cover the book with protective material.
Keep in a clean dry place.
Use clean hands.
Do not write inside.
Use bookmarks instead of folding pages.
Do not tear pages.
Repair torn pages.
Pack it carefully.
Handle with care when passing it to others.
Open new books gently to maintain spine.
Page 3: Website Information
Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website
Page 4: Contributors
Writers: Sisay Tadesse, Tegene Tesfaye
Editors: Tesfaye Semela, Kenenisa Beresa, Ahmed Awel
Illustrator: Abinet Tilahun
Designer: Konno B. Hirbaye
Evaluators: Legesse Adane, Nega Gichile, Sefiw Melesse, Tolessa Mergo
Printed by Gravity Group IND LLC.
Page 5: Publication Details
First Published: 2023 under the General Education Quality Improvement Program for Equity (GEQIP-E).
Supported by multiple international organizations and agencies.
Copyright © 2023 by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education.
Copyright inquiries should be directed to the ministry.
Page 6: Table of Contents
Unit 1: Chemistry and Its Importance
1.1 Definition and Scope of Chemistry (2)
1.2 Relationship between Chemistry and Other Natural Sciences (6)
1.3 Role of Chemistry in Production and Society (8)
1.4 Common Chemical Industries in Ethiopia (12)
Unit Summary (15)
Review Exercise (16)
Unit 2: Measurements and Scientific Methods
2.1 Measurements and Units in Chemistry (19)
2.2 Chemistry as Experimental Science (35)
Unit Summary (47)
Review Exercise (48)
Unit 3: Structure of the Atom
3.1 Historical Development of Atomic Theories (51)
3.2 Fundamental Laws of Chemical Reactions (56)
3.3 Atomic Theory (64)
3.4 Discoveries of Fundamental Subatomic Particles (69)
3.5 Composition of an Atom and Isotopes (85)
Unit Summary (101)
Review Exercise (105)
...
Page 7: Unit 4: Periodic Classification of Elements
4.1 Historical Development of Periodic Classification (109) ...
Page 8: Unit Outcomes
After completing the unit, students will be able to:
Define chemistry.
Describe its scope.
Discuss relationships with other sciences.
Describe applications in agriculture, medicine, food production, block construction.
Name common chemical industries in Ethiopia.
Page 9: Start-up Activity
Discuss materials like air, water, cloth, food, and their composition.
Importance of understanding material compositions.
Chemistry is crucial for basic needs (food, clothing, shelter, health, energy, clean air/water, soil).
Page 10: Definition of Chemistry
Chemistry studies properties, composition, structure of substances, transformations, and energy changes.
Definition of substance, composition, and property.
Page 11: Scope of Chemistry
Five main branches:
Physical Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
Applications span from agriculture and medicine to building construction.
Page 12: Chemical Applications in the Society
Start-up discussions on chemistry's roles in everyday life.
Page 13: Questions
How do chemical industries impact everyday life and what products do they produce?
Page 14: The Role of Chemistry
Chemistry in agricultural productivity through fertilizers and pesticides.
Chemistry in food production through preservatives.
Importance of chemistry in medicine providing life-saving drugs.
Page 15: Summary of Chemical Products
Chemically made products include various pharmaceuticals, fuels, and construction materials.
Page 16: Review Exercise
List specific applications of chemistry in various fields.
Page 17: The Importance of Chemistry
Explore more about chemical processes and their importance in different sectors.
Unit 2: Measurements and Scientific Methods
2.1 Measurements and Units in Chemistry (Page 19)
Importance of accurate measurements in chemical experiments.
Various units used in chemistry (SI units).
Conversions between different measurement systems.
2.2 Chemistry as Experimental Science (Page 35)
Focus on the experimental approach in chemistry.
Importance of the scientific method in conducting experiments.
Analysis and interpretation of experimental data.
Unit Summary (Page 47)
Overview of the significance of measurements in chemistry and the reliance on scientific methods for experimentation.
Review Exercise (Page 48)
Questions relating to measurement units and the scientific process.
Unit 3: Structure of the Atom
3.1 Historical Development of Atomic Theories (Page 51)
Overview of significant atomic theories by early philosophers and scientists.
3.2 Fundamental Laws of Chemical Reactions (Page 56)
Introduction to key laws such as the Law of Conservation of Mass.
3.3 Atomic Theory (Page 64)
Description of Dalton’s atomic theory and its modern implications.
3.4 Discoveries of Fundamental Subatomic Particles (Page 69)
Overview of major discoveries pertaining to electrons, protons, and neutrons.
3.5 Composition of an Atom and Isotopes (Page 85)
Explanation of atomic structure, nuclear composition, and the concept of isotopes.
Unit Summary (Page 101)
Recap of atomic structure, the historical development of atomic theory, and the role of subatomic particles in chemistry.
Review Exercise (Page 105)
Questions on atomic structure and theories related to the atom.
Unit 4: Periodic Classification of Elements
4.1 Historical Development of Periodic Classification (Page 109)
Discussion on the evolution of the periodic table and classification based on atomic number and properties.