APES 4.1 & 4.2

4.1: PLATE TECTONICS

Mantle: liquid magma

Asthenosphere: solid magma

Lithosphere: thin layer of rock broken up into tectonic plates

What divergent plate boundaries form: mid oceanic ridges, seafloor spreading, rift valleys

What convergent plate boundaries form: mountains, island arcs, earthquakes

What oceanic-oceanic plate boundaries form: mid ocean volcanoes, off shore trenches, island arcs

What oceanic-continental plate boundaries form: coastal mountains, volcanoes on land, trenches, tsunamis

4.2: SOIL FORMATION AND EROSION

O-Horizon: Layer of organic matter on top of soil

A-Horizon: layer of humus with minerals from parent material and most biological activity

B-Horizon: little to no organic matter

C-Horizon: Bedrock