Unit-10-Case-Studies

Page 1: Case Studies UNIT 10

• Introduction to case studies related to cave systems.

Page 2: Contents

• Overview of topics covered:

  1. Philippine Cave Systems

  2. Characteristics of Karst Landscape

  3. Benefits from Philippine Wetlands

  4. Tourism and Climate Change

  5. Religious and Historical Interactions with Caves

  6. Summary

Page 3: Cave Systems Definition

• A cave or cavern is a natural void large enough for human entry.

• Formed by weathering of rock, often extending underground.

Page 4: Cave Systems Overview

• Caves as key components of karst landscapes.

• Classified by:

  • Parent bedrock

  • Proximity to groundwater

  • Morphology and speleogenetic history

Page 5: Types of Cave Systems

• Types:

  • Solution Cave

  • Sea Cave

  • Lava Tubes

  • Glacier Cave

  • Eolian Cave

  • Talus Cave

• Uses: Scientific research and recreation.

• Pros: Insulated from elements.

• Cons: Poor ventilation, high risk.

Page 6: Legal Definition of Cave

• Republic Act 9072 (2001) defines cave and cave systems, including naturally occurring voids large enough for individual entry.

• Excludes man-made excavations.

Page 7: Philippine Cave Systems

• More than 1,500 identified caves, many yet to be explored.

Page 8: Cave Ecosystems

• Ecosystems provide habitats for various organisms.

• Organisms include microorganisms, plants, and animals in diverse cave zones.

Page 9: Puerto Princesa National Park

• Notable cave featuring unique speleothems and a navigable underground river.

Page 10: Limestone Caves

• Most common type in the Philippines, formed in warm shallow seas.

• Can turn into marble under pressure.

Page 11: Formation of Limestone Caves

1. Movement under Earth's crust lifts sedimentary rock.

2. Plant growth causes rock to crack.

3. Rainwater dissolves limestone, forming caves.

4. Continuous water action creates more chambers.

Page 12: Cave Features

• Stalactites: Icicle-like deposits from dripping water.

• Stalagmites: Deposits formed on the floor from dripping water.

Page 13: Physical Features of Limestone Caves

• Passages, hydrology (karst aquifer), speleothems, and microclimate details.

Page 14: Characteristics of Karst Landscape

• Integration of surface and subterranean features; historical artifacts found in cave deposits.

Page 15: Fragility of Karst Ecosystems

• Ecosystems depend on water quality and environmental conditions.

Page 16: Religious and Historical Significance of Caves

• Caves in the Philippines linked to religions, myths, and burial practices.

Page 17: Cultural Significance of Caves

• Examples include beliefs in spirits and ritual sites in caves.

Page 18: Historical Caves

• Biak-na Bato: Revolution hideout, Manunggul Cave: ancient religious beliefs.

Page 19: Lipuun Cave

• Important archaeological site located in Palawan.

Page 20: Tourism and Climate Change

• Overview of tourism's impact on environments.

Page 21: Tourism Definition

• Activities involving travel to places outside usual environments for varied purposes.

Page 22: Climate Change Definition

• Changes attributed to human activity affecting the atmosphere.

Page 23: Tourism Sector Significant Impact

• Largest global growing industry impacting economies and environments.

Page 24: Climate Change Impact on Tourism

• Tourism industry affected by climate change; focus on reducing carbon emissions.

Page 25: Nature-Based Tourism Types

• Examples: Eco-tourism, Adventure tourism, Wildlife tourism.

Page 26: Adventure Tourism

• Travel involving risk and physical activity to observe natural settings.

Page 27: Wildlife Tourism and Extractive Tourism

• Interaction with local ecosystems for tourism.

Page 28: Nature Retreat

• Focus on wellness and deeper connections with nature.

Page 29: Definition of Wetlands

• Areas controlled by water, important for ecosystems in the Philippines.

Page 30: Wetland Types

• Includes lakes, swamps, marshes, coral reefs, etc.

Page 31: Ramsar Sites in the Philippines

• Notable wetlands recognized internationally.

Page 32: Other Wetland Locations

• Various notable wetlands in the Philippines listed.

Page 33: Benefits of Philippine Wetlands

• Provide stable food sources, contributing to ecosystem health.

Page 34: Wetland Products

• Key resources like rice, fish, and water from wetlands.

Page 35: Rice Production

• Rice from irrigated lands and created wetlands.

Page 36: Fish Resources

• Fish sourced from inland and coastal wetlands.

Page 37: Water Resources

• Wetlands contribute to freshwater supplies across Philippines.

Page 38: Types of Wetlands Overview

• Chart showing different wetland types across the region.

Page 39: Reservoir and Lake Types

• Visual representation of lakes and reservoirs in the Philippines.

Page 40: Estuaries and Tidal Flats

• Characteristics and importance of estuarine environments.

Page 41: Swamps and Highland Lakes

• Features of swamps and their ecological importance.

Page 42: Water Impound

• Relation of terraces and environmental impact.

Page 43: Coral Reefs Overview

• Importance and specific features of coral ecosystems.

Page 44: Marsh and River Significance

• Role of marshes in ecology and hydrology.

Page 45: Mangrove Forests and Seagrass Beds

• Critical roles in coastal ecosystems.

Page 46: Fishpond and Irrigation Methods

• Importance for local agriculture and fishing industries.

Page 47: Wetlands Ecosystem Functions

• Functions of wetlands in ecology and human interaction.

Page 48: Summary

• Value of Philippine caves for science, culture, and biodiversity with challenges posed by human activity and climate impact on tourism.

Page 49: Credits

• Acknowledgments for the presentation resources.