A. Rizal the National Hero

Life and Works of Rizal

Rizal, the National Hero

  • Esteban Ocampo’s article in the book by Gregorio Zaide highlights the heroism of Dr. Jose Rizal.

  • Rizal’s birth and execution are memorialized nationwide and by Filipinos abroad.

Rizal's Legacy

  • Rizal's name is ubiquitous in Filipino households.

  • His image appears on postage stamps and currency.

  • He holds the record for the most monuments, towns, streets, and institutions named after him in comparison to other heroes.

Role in the Propaganda Movement

  • Rizal was a prominent figure within the Propaganda Movement primarily through his novel "Noli Me Tangere".

  • He was seen as the most intelligent and courageous opponent of tyranny.

  • His execution was intended as a public warning against those who opposed the regime.

International Recognition of Rizal

  • Foreign figures like Blumentritt and Napoleon M. Kheil acknowledged Rizal's leadership.

  • Blumentritt remarked that Rizal's emergence was as rare as a comet appearing once every century.

Leadership Roles

  • In 1889, Rizal was elected honorary president of La Solidaridad by Filipinos in Barcelona and Madrid.

  • He organized the Indios Bravos in Paris and was appointed chief of the Spanish-Filipino Association in 1891.

Founding of La Liga Filipina

  • Rizal founded La Liga Filipina on July 3, 1892, in Manila.

  • The Katipunan recognized his leadership by making him Honorary President, using his last name as a password among members.

Commemorating Rizal

  • A commemorative event was held by Emilio Aguinaldo and revolutionaries in Hong Kong on December 29, 1897, marking the anniversary of Rizal’s execution.

  • Official proclamation established December 30 as Rizal Day in 1898.

Global Impact of Rizal's Martyrdom

  • His martyrdom was reported by newspapers and magazines worldwide, spanning countries such as Germany, the USA, and Japan.

Questions Regarding Rizal’s Heroism

  • Debate arises whether Bonifacio or Aguinaldo deserves the title of National Hero, since they fought in wars.

  • Historical analysis shows Bonifacio's defeats and Aguinaldo's surrender.

  • Rizal fought non-violently and endured political martyrdom.

Addressing Misconceptions

  • Claims that Rizal was an "American-made hero" were countered by Justice Malcom, emphasizing Rizal’s significance as a global tribute.

American and Philippine Panels

  • Notable board members of the National Hero Committee included W. Morgan Shuster and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera.

Criteria for Choosing a National Hero

  • Nominees included Rizal, Bonifacio, Jacinto, Lopez-Jaena, and Luna.

  • Criteria focused on being Filipino, deceased, demonstrating love for country, having a cool temperament, and a dramatic death.

Reasons for Choosing Rizal

  • Rizal exemplified true nationalism and peace, resonating with the sentimental nature of Filipinos.

Executive Order No. 75

  • Issued by President Ramos on March 28, 1993, creating the National Heroes Committee to evaluate Filipino heroes.

National Hero Criteria

  • Criteria updated on June 3, 1993:

    • Definition and aspiration for national freedom.

    • Contribution to life and order in the nation.

    • Reflection of people’s expression and thinking ahead for future generations.

Recommended Historical Figures

  • Figures suggested for consideration as national heroes included Rizal, Bonifacio, and Mabini.

Conclusion on Rizal’s Legacy

  • Contributions from Rizal himself, his compatriots, and foreign observers culminate in his status as the foremost hero and martyr of the Philippines.

  • Guerrero posits Rizal's magnification as a peace figure over warriors speaks to Filipino values of peace over war.

Filipinos' Values

  • The Filipino appreciation of freedom and justice echoes in their admiration for Rizal, who traded comforts for the sake of others.

  • Emphasis on virtue and sacrifice remains essential in the Filipino identity.

Rizal’s Unification Efforts

  • Rizal is viewed as pivotal in fostering national identity and unity across the archipelago.

The Rizal Law

  • Republic Act No. 1425, approved on June 12, 1956, mandates the inclusion of Rizal’s works in college curricula.

Objectives of the Rizal Law

  • Goals include inspiring youth towards freedom and nationalism, honoring Rizal’s contributions, and fostering patriotism through his writings.

Patriotic Goals of the National Education Board

  • Objectives involve recognizing and applying Rizal's ideals to contemporary issues, understanding his character, and promoting moral and civic values among the youth.