Introduction to Genetics and COVID-19

Coronavirus Background

• Coronavirus refers to a group of viruses with crown-like spikes.
• Causes respiratory infections; COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2.

RNA-Based Viruses

• Coronaviruses have RNA, unlike some viruses that contain DNA.
• Other coronaviruses are associated with the common cold.

Long COVID

• Approximately 30% chance of long COVID in early infections.
• More prevalent in women and Hispanic/Latino populations.
• Symptoms include brain fog, shortness of breath, heart problems.

Vaccination

• COVID vaccine is effective; side effects are rare.
• Vaccination helps reduce hospitalizations; flu vaccine recommended.

Genetics Overview

• Genetics studies heredity and gene function.
• Genes are functional units of DNA coding for proteins that define traits.

Phylogenetic Relationships

• Phylogenetic tree illustrates relationships among species.
• All life originates from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).

Sub Disciplines in Genetics

• Molecular Genetics: Structure/function of genes.
• Transmission Genetics (Mendelian): Gene inheritance and traits.
• Population Genetics: Genetics of populations and traits.
• Quantitative Genetics: Traits influenced by multiple genes.

Gene Expression

• Involves whether genes are turned on or off, can be influenced by the environment.
• Alleles are different forms of a gene affecting traits.

Course Logistics

• Key figures in genetics will be highlighted (e.g., Friedrich Miescher - isolated DNA).
• Important to review course calendar and deadlines for quizzes and assignments.