Unit 1 Notes

What are the Characteristics of Mass Communication? Select a Mass Medium and show Whether these Characteristics Apply(Sanborn, 2023, p. 4).

  • The audience of mass communication is large, mostly anonymous, and heterogenous(Diverse backgrounds and/or appearances).

  • large audiences are pursued using a process by which communication sources originate a message that is then communicated to masses of people by means of some form of technology.

  • Communication sources are institutional and organizational, meaning they are part of an industry.

  • The basic economic function of most media is to attract and hold as large an audience as possible for advertisers.

  • For example, Tv checks all the boxes on mass communication:

  1. The audience for television comprises of a large number of anonymous people from all sorts of backgrounds

  2. That audience is pursued by the communication source( the tv network), which originates a message( the tv show), that is communicated to the audience.

  3. Tv belongs to a specific industry.

  4. The goal for tv is to attract as many consumers as possible so they can make money from advertisers.

Distinguish print and electronic media from computer-mediated communication, and trace their historical development.

  • Television which originated in the 1950’s is a form of electronic media, as well as mediated communication, with the tv being that medium, but it’s not specifically a computer(Sandborn, 2023, p. 2+5). In 1946, about 0.02% of homes had a TV in the U.S, but now in 1980, the number has shot up to about 98%(Sandborn, 2023, p. 11).

  • This increase was due to the rapid growth of cable and satellite offerings, while local broadcast was seeing a decline(Sandborn, p. 12).

  • Social media, originating in on the other hand as all the traits of television, while additionally requiring a computer to function(Sandborn, 2023, p. 2+5). As it stands it’s well ahead of TV in modern society(Sandborn, 2023, p. 2).

  • Print Media is media like Newspapers, and Magazines which are usually made from paper(Sandborn, 2023, p. 9).

  • For example, the printing press(introduced in the 1450’s was extremely popular between the mid-late 20th century, but now, the number of daily newspapers in U.S circulation has fallen from 62.3 million(1990) to 28.6 million in 2018, due to decreased ad revenue(Sandborn, 2023, p. 9)


How is the boundary between interpersonal communication, mass communication, and mediated communication becoming increasingly blurred(Sanborn, 2023, p. 5)?

  • Interpersonal Communication is the communication between at least 2 people, or the communication of one person to a group(Sanborn, 2023, p. 4)

  • Initially, It was considered required face to face interaction for interpersonal communication, but with the advent of social media there are arguments being made that it interpersonal communication can also include a person using social media to deliver a message to others.

  • Mass communication can be thought of as when messages emanate from traditional organizations that have established avenues for reaching a large audience.

  • Mediated communication involves “any social or technological procedure or device that is used for the selection, transmission, and reception of information.

  • For example, let’s say I share a message to a large audience on social media. There is already argument for it being considered interpersonal communication as stated in the 2nd bullet point. Additionally, if I worked for a major company and was sending this message with the goal of reaching for the biggest audience possible, then my message also counts as Mass media. Lastly, since I’m sending the message via social media, I’m using that social media as a medium for my communication, so it counts as Mediated Communication as well.

Describe recent changes in technologies that have affected the use of traditional media.

  • Due to the penetration of electronic media(feature films, Radio, Tv, Internet) and computer-mediated communications like social media, mass media is far available and people use it more often(Sanborn, 2023, p. 2).

  • Since the main goal for any of these companies is money, they often cave to economic, as well as political and ideological pressures, and change the content of their media accordingly(Sandborne, 2023, p. 6).

  • For example, an influencer who accepts gambling website sponsorships may stop speaking out about the negative consequences of gambling(Sandborn, 2023, p. 6).

  • Advertisers often blacklist certain words from being shown near their ads(Sandborn, 2023, p. 6)

Describe briefly the five characteristics of the Internet, as identified in Walther et al. (2005, cited in Sanborn, 2023, pp. 20–21).

How are the use patterns of various mass media (e.g., television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet) different across an individual’s life span?

How has Canadians’ usage of various mass media (e.g., television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet) changed over the decades?

Briefly describe how Canadians use the Internet, according to the 2019 Canadian Internet Use Survey (Statistics Canada, 2019c).

What benefits and concerns do Canadians have about using the Internet and social media?

Define media literacy. Outline the three forms of media literacy, as identified in Meyrowitz (1998, as cited in Sanborn, 2023, pp. 26–27).