Ap chem compounds

Polyatomic Ions to Memorize

(Charge in parentheses)

Anions

  1. Acetate: C2H3O2−\text{C}_2\text{H}_3\text{O}_2^-C2​H3​O2−​ or CH3COO−\text{CH}_3\text{COO}^-CH3​COO−

  2. Carbonate: CO32−\text{CO}_3^{2-}CO32−​

  3. Bicarbonate (Hydrogen carbonate): HCO3−\text{HCO}_3^-HCO3−​

  4. Hydroxide: OH−\text{OH}^-OH−

  5. Nitrate: NO3−\text{NO}_3^-NO3−​

  6. Nitrite: NO2−\text{NO}_2^-NO2−​

  7. Phosphate: PO43−\text{PO}_4^{3-}PO43−​

  8. Hydrogen phosphate: HPO42−\text{HPO}_4^{2-}HPO42−​

  9. Dihydrogen phosphate: H2PO4−\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4^-H2​PO4−​

  10. Sulfate: SO42−\text{SO}_4^{2-}SO42−​

  11. Hydrogen sulfate (Bisulfate): HSO4−\text{HSO}_4^-HSO4−​

  12. Sulfite: SO32−\text{SO}_3^{2-}SO32−​

  13. Thiocyanate: SCN−\text{SCN}^-SCN−

  14. Cyanide: CN−\text{CN}^-CN−

  15. Chromate: CrO42−\text{CrO}_4^{2-}CrO42−​

  16. Dichromate: Cr2O72−\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7^{2-}Cr2​O72−​

  17. Permanganate: MnO4−\text{MnO}_4^-MnO4−​

  18. Perchlorate: ClO4−\text{ClO}_4^-ClO4−​

  19. Chlorate: ClO3−\text{ClO}_3^-ClO3−​

  20. Chlorite: ClO2−\text{ClO}_2^-ClO2−​

  21. Hypochlorite: ClO−\text{ClO}^-ClO−

  22. Oxalate: C2O42−\text{C}_2\text{O}_4^{2-}C2​O42−​

Cations

  1. Ammonium: NH4+\text{NH}_4^+NH4+​

Acids to Know

  1. Strong Acids:

    • Hydrochloric acid: HCl\text{HCl}HCl

    • Hydrobromic acid: HBr\text{HBr}HBr

    • Hydroiodic acid: HI\text{HI}HI

    • Nitric acid: HNO3\text{HNO}_3HNO3​

    • Sulfuric acid: H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4H2​SO4​

    • Perchloric acid: HClO4\text{HClO}_4HClO4​

  2. Weak Acids:

    • Acetic acid: CH3COOH\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}CH3​COOH

    • Carbonic acid: H2CO3\text{H}_2\text{CO}_3H2​CO3​

    • Phosphoric acid: H3PO4\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4H3​PO4​

    • Hypochlorous acid: HClO\text{HClO}HClO

Common Compounds

  1. Water: H2O\text{H}_2\text{O}H2​O

  2. Ammonia: NH3\text{NH}_3NH3​

  3. Methane: CH4\text{CH}_4CH4​

  4. Glucose: C6H12O6\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6C6​H12​O6​

  5. Hydrogen peroxide: H2O2\text{H}_2\text{O}_2H2​O2​