Layers of the Skin

Divided into multiple sublayers.
The upper layer of skin is the only layer that professionals are allowed to work on.
First visible signs of skin damage appear in this area.
- Stratum Germinativum: The very bottom layer right above the dermis.
  - Melanosomes form here, producing skin and hair pigment i.e. melanin.
  - Melanin protects the skin from UV rays and sun damage.
  - The amount of melanin depends on ethnicity and background.
    - People with ancestors from warmer climates typically have darker skin for sun protection.
    - People with ancestors from colder climates typically have lighter skin and less natural heat protection.
    - Everyone should wear sunscreen daily, especially those with lighter complexions (Fitzpatrick types 1 or 2).
    - Those with pale skin, freckles, blonde or red hair burn easily and are at the highest risk of skin cancer.
- Stratum Spinosum: Also known as the spiny layer where cells look spiny under a microscope.
- Stratum Granulosum: Also known as the granule layer, cells look grainy.
- Stratum Lucidum: Mainly present on the palms and soles of the feet.
  - Translucent and clear.
  - Provides extra protection for areas that get more use.
- Stratum Corneum: At the very top and is known as the horny layer.
  - Named for the appearance of the cells.

All work together to produce the melanin/pigment in our skin.
Protect us from skin damage.
Sometimes cause hyperpigmentation or scarring.
When skin is damaged, melanin is sent to heal and protect the area.
UV rays can cause damage and trigger melanin production.
Important to wear SPF every day, especially with scarring or hyperpigmentation, and when directly in the sun.
Without SPF, scars and hyperpigmentation will get darker; this is also true when driving or near a window.