The Roaring twenties and The Great Depression

flapper

a young woman in the 1920's who wore her hair bobbed, wore makeup, dressed in flashy, skimpy clothes, and lived a life of independence and freedom

Fundamentalism

a belief in the literal interpretation of a particular religion's doctrine or holy books

evolution

theory which holds that inderited characteristics of a population change over generations and that as a result of these changes, new species sometimes arise

bootleggers

people who smuggled liquor during the Prohibition

Speakeasies

illegal bars where alcohol was served during prohibition

Harlem Renaissance

a blossoming of African American art and literature that began in the 1920's

jazz

American music form that blends several different musical forms from the Deep South; often includes improvisation

transatlantic

crossing the Atlantic ocean

Bolsheviks

a group of Russian radicals, led by Vladimir I. Lenin, who played a major role in the 1917 revolution in Russia

communism

a system of government in which there is no private property and there are no economic classes

red scare

widespread fear of communism

Palmer Raids

a series of government attacks on suspected radicals in the United States led by the U.S. attorney general, A. Mitchell Palmer

anarchists

radicals who believe in the destruction of government

Sacco and Vanzetti

In May 1920 two Italian immigrants arrested for armed robbery and murder. These men were anarchists

assembly line

a mass-production process in which a product moved forward through many work stations, where workers performed specific tasks

productivity

the amount of product made by a worker or machine

Welfare Capitilism

system in which companies provided fringe benefits to employees in an effort to promote worker satisfaction and loyalty

suburbs

smaller towns that are located outside a larger urban area

installment buying

paying for an iteam over a period of time with a series of small payments

credit

a system of borrowing money from banks to make purchases, and then paying it back later with interest

Warren G. Harding

An Ohio senator that ran in the 1920 presidential race. Coined the phrase "normalcy"

Teapot Dome Scandal

a federally owned piece of land in Wyoming; that President Harding's Secretary of the Interior accepted bribes in return for allowing oil companies to drill for oil there in 1921

reparations

payments designed to make up for the damage of something

arms race

a struggle in which competing nations build more and more weapons in an effort to avoid one nation gaining a clear advantage

gross national product

the total value of all goods and services produced in the nation

buying on margin

buying stocks with loans from brokers

Federal Reserve System

the nation's centeral bank

Black Tuesday

Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the day that the stock market crashed

Hoboes

a homless person, typically one who is traveling in search of work; the term was used widely during the Great Depression

great depression

(1929-1930's) the most severe economic downturn in the history of the United States

foreclosure

when a lender takes over ownership of a property form an owner who has failed to make loan payments

hoovervilles

makeshift shantytowns that sprung up during the Great Depression; named for President Hoover

drought

a period of very dry weather

Dust Bowl

a nickname for the Great Plains regions hit by drought and dust storms in the early 1930's

Okies

nickname for a farmer who left the Dust Bowl in search of work; many of these farmers were from Oklahoma

associative state

the term for President Hoover's vision of voluntary partnership between business associations and the government

hoover dam

a dam built in the 1930's, with funding from the federal government, to control the Colorado River

cooperative

an organization that is owned and controlled by its members, who work together for a common goal

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President who won election in 1932 who convinced people he could help bring the country out of the Great Depression. He advocated for the government to take a leading role in stimulating the economy. He suffered from polio.

Warren G. Harding

President who began the 1920s with a vision to "return to normalcy" after WW1.

Herbert Hoover

President during the 1920s who believed the "business of America was business." He did not want the government to interfere in any way with economics. He was known as "Silent Cal."

Herbert Hoover

The president from 1929-1933 who was blamed for the Great Depression. He believed the government should stay out of the economy.

Rugged Individualism

President Hoover believed that unnecessary government not only threatened prosperity but also dimmed the very spirit of the American people. He called a key part of this spirit "......"

Alcapone

Known as Scarface. Chicago gangster who served time in Alcatraz for income tax evasion.

KKK

Organization that gained enormous popularity, especially in the South, during the 1920s and 1930s. Their purpose was to purify and glorify the white Anglo-Saxon race.

Vladimir Lenin

Led the Bolshevik revolution in Russia in 1917 and became the leader of the newly communist country. This led to a Red Scare in the U.S. in the 1920s.

Hitler

Nazi leader of Germany who came to power in the 1930s.

Banking

President Roosevelt's first priority, after swearing in his cabinet, was to address _____________ (it was also the topic of his first Fireside Chat).

Walt Disney

Creator of Mickey Mouse. First animated movie was Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. His first studio was in KC-the Laugh-o-Gram studios

budget deficit

Condition when a government spends more money than it takes in.

Forclosure

When a bank takes over ownership of a property due to a borrower defaulting on their loan.

invest

To purchase something in the hopes that its value will grow.

federal reserve

The nation's central bank. It was created by Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system .

flappers

Women of the 1920s who dressed in short skirts, smoked and drank in public, cut her hair short, and danced the Charleston (these women weren't concerned with what people thought about them).

louis armstrong

Jazz musician known as "Satchmo." Played the trumpet and sang with a raspy voice. He was a major influence in jazz, shifting the music's focus from collective improvisation to solo

bootleggers/mob/mafia

In the 1920s, the distribution of liquor became the main source of funding for (this group)....

brain trust

A group of highly intelligent advisors who advised FDR as to the best ways to get the country out of the Great Depression (he assembles them before he is even sworn in as president).

duke ellington

Jazz musician/composer & orchestra leader at the Cotton Club in

FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)

New Deal program that guarantees the money you put in a bank. Helped to restore faith in the banking system. Still exists today.

SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission)

New Deal program that prevented people with inside information about companies from rigging the stock market.

NYA (National Youth Administration)

New Deal program that aimed to help young people. Allowed them the opportunity to work part-time in clerical positions at their schools.

FWP (Federal Writers Project)

New Deal program that hired unemployed writers to produce state & city travel guides & to write histories of ethnic & immigrant groups.

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)

New Deal program that hired young men to plant trees, build trails through national parks, and do other outdoor work.

court packing plan

FDR's failed plan to add up to six justices to the Supreme Court to try to circumvent the push back he was getting from the Supreme Court regarding New Deal legislation.

safety net

As a result of the New Deal and the increasing size of the federal government, people saw the role of the federal government was to provide a ______________ to people when they fell on hard times.

Temperance Movement

The ______________ movement was an attempt to abstain & then eventually outlaw alcohol.

john scopes

Tennessee teacher who was accused of teaching the theory of evolution to students in his high school biology class.

langston hughes

Writer of the Harlem Renaissance who celebrated African American culture through his poetry. He lived in Lawrence, Kansas for part of his life. He wrote of black defiance as well as hope. First novel was Not Without Laughter.

18th amendment

This amendment made the manufacture, sale, & transportation of alcohol illegal. It took effect in January of 1920.

21st amendment

In 1933, the ______________________ repealed the 18th Amendment.

unequal income distribution by wealth

The measure of how levels of financial resources differ among people in a society. It was very unequal in the 1920s.

bonus army

WW1 veterans protested in front of the U. S. Capitol to try to get approximately $500 owed to them. The U.S. army gassed the protesting crowd. This was known as...

teapot dome scandal

Albert Fall was a member of President Harding's cabinet and proved to be corrupt & incompetent. He was the mastermind behind this scandal, which allowed private businesses to use government land to dig for oil.

charles linbergh

First man to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean (took 55 hours). His son was later kidnapped & killed. His accomplishment is a good example of the seemingly limitless opportunities & optimism of the 1920s.

babe ruth

Famous baseball player from the 1930s. Played for the Boston Red Sox and was traded to the New York Yankees.

oakies and arkies

The nickname for poor Midwesterners who fled the Dust Bowl and traveled west to California.

amelia earheart

The first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. From Atchison, Kansas.

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Italian immigrants who were blamed for shooting two men. They were victims of the U.S. government's overreaction to the fear of communism and anarchy.

Harlem Reinassance

A period of literary & artistic creativity celebrating African-American culture that took place in NYC.100A period of literary & artistic creativity celebrating African-American culture that took place in NYC.

black tuesday

October 29, 1929

100 days

The very beginning of FDR's first term that were intensely busy passing major legislation were known as....

new deal

Relief, reform, and recovery were the three main components of what major body of legislation?

double standard

When different expectations exist for men than women. Men could be promiscuous but women were criticized for doing the same thing

TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)

New Deal program that controlled flooding & provided electricity to numerous eastern states.

AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)

New Deal program that raised crop prices by lowering the production of farm goods.

SSA (Social Security Administration)

New Deal program that still exists today. It offers supplemental income for retired workers, unemployment benefits, and income for those with disabilities.

REA (Rural Electrification Administration)

New Deal program that brought electricity to rural areas that did not have electricity & were isolated.

WPA (Works Progress Administration)

500One of the largest programs under the New Deal. Set out to help youths, professionals, & other workers. Built airports, roads, libraries, schools, & hospitals, hired writers, artists, and