AP world

Reasoning Processes

  • Topics related to reasoning processes:

    • CCOT: Continuity and Change Over Time

    • Causation

    • Comparison

Exam Format

  • Total: 100 points

    • 35 MCQ (1 point each)

    • 1 SAQ (Choose 1 from 2 options, 15 points)

    • 1 LEQ (Choose 1 from 2 options, 50 points)

Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (c. 1200 - c. 1450)

Developments in East Asia (CCOT)

  • China's population growth (Song Dynasty): Increased agricultural output from irrigation, crop strains (e.g., Champa rice), and technology (iron plow).

  • Japan adopted Confucian hierarchical ideas from Tang and Song.

  • Cultural exchanges by nomadic Central Asian groups included:

    • Spread of technology (stirrups, gunpowder)

    • Religion (Buddhism, Islam, Christianity) along Silk Roads.

Developments in Dar al-Islam (Causation)

  • Arab intellectual innovations impacted Europe:

    • Advances in science, math (trigonometry), and medicine.

    • Collaboration among Muslims, Jews, and Christians led to the recovery of Greek texts.

    • Wealthy urban centers (Baghdad) fostered cultural exchanges.

  • Religious syncretism examples:

    • Africa: Djingyereber Mosque in Mali.

State Building in Africa (CCOT)

  • Women had significant roles despite being in a patriarchal context.

Developments in Europe (Causation)

  • Black Death led to:

    • Massive rural protests (France 1358, Britain 1381).

    • Reduced serfdom, higher wages, and urban worker rights.

Comparison of Empires (c. 1200 - c. 1450)

  • Inca vs. Aztecs:

    • Aztecs: Militaristic, formed through alliances and sacrifices; founded Tenochtitlan.

    • Incas: Unified via conquest under Pachacuti, controlled a large area by 1438.

Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (c. 1200 - c. 1450)

Major Trade Routes

  • Silk Roads, Indian Ocean trade, Trans-Saharan trade flourished.

  • Innovations (e.g., astrolabe, compasses) enhanced economic growth.

The Mongol Empire's Role

  • Mongols facilitated cultural exchange and trade by protecting artisans and merchants.

  • Religious tolerance and structured laws (Yassa) supported trade.

Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage (Causation)

  • Demonstrates the spread of Islam and influences on trade networks.

Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (c. 1450 - c. 1750)

Empire Administration (Comparison)

  • Art/architecture used to legitimize power in empires (e.g., Ottomans, Mughals).

Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections (c. 1450 - c. 1750)

Exploration (Causation)

  • Henry the Navigator motivated Portuguese exploration along Africa's coast.

Columbian Exchange (Causation)

  • Negative effects: Massive population declines of natives due to disease.

  • Sugar industry's expansion led to intensified slave trade.

Maritime Empires and Global Power Shift

  • European technological advancements (gunpowder) led to the rise in maritime power.

Unit 5: Revolutions (c. 1750 - c. 1900)

The Enlightenment

  • Inspired movements against slavery via natural rights ideologies.

Nationalism

  • Affected Atlantic revolutions by opposing mercantilism and prompting independence movements.