WW1

Russian Revolution:

Many troops refused to fire on the demonstrators
The Russians were sick of the food shortages and losses in World War One
started during WW1
The Bolsheviks and members of the Red Guard (armed factory workers) overthrow the government
Bolsheviks overrun the palace of the Czar
Germany saw a chance to weaken its enemy, Russia, by sending Lenin into Russia. He believed the only way for the people to get power was through revolution Nicholas II
Czar (king) Nicholas II was the last ruler of Russia
Russia had been ruled for 300 years by the Romanov dynasty
The Russian Army was poorly equipped, poorly trained, and poorly led
Czar Nicholas was not a good commander
Czar Nicholas abdicates (gives up) the throne. His whole family is captured and sent into exile.
The monarchy is overthrown- the 300 year reign of the Romanovs is ended Alexandra
Czar Nicholas decides to visit the front
and lead his troops
However, he left his wife, Alexandria, in charge
The Russian people did not trust her because she was German
She began to rely more and more on her advisor- The Mad Monk Rasputin
the Mad Monk
Rasputin claimed to have healing powers
He was corrupt, dishonest, and devious
Outraged
Russian nobles attempt to murder Rasputin in December 1916
He was poisoned, shot, clubbed and finally drowned Romanov
The Czarina (queen) believed he helped her son, Alexei, who suffered from hemophilia- a disease in which the blood does not clot, and the slightest bruise can be fatal. Causes of the Russian Revolution
Many troops refused to fire on the demonstrators
The Russians were sick of the food shortages and losses in World War One V. I. Lenin
Leader of Bolsheviks
Lenin was a socialist
He followed the teachings of Karl Marx, the father of communism. Lenin had been exiled to Siberia in 1895, and later moved to Switzerland.
He believed the only way for the people to get power was through revolution
Germany saw a chance to weaken its enemy, Russia, by sending Lenin into Russia
Lenin arrives in Russia on April 16,1917 Leon Trotsky
Lenin was joined by another Marxist revolutionary, Leon Trotsky
He was later murdered by an agent of Stalin in Mexico by an ice pick through the head
As the Bolsheviks gain power, Lenin and Trotsky promise the Russian people Peace, Land and Bread Bolsheviks
Also known as the communists
the temporary government launched an offensive attack against Germany
^The Bolsheviks make their move Communists
The Communists end private ownership of land, and distributed it to the peasants
Workers given control of factories and mines
As the Bolsheviks gain power, Lenin and Trotsky promise the Russian people Peace, Land and Bread
Meanwhile, the temporary government launched an offensive attack against Germany
The Bolsheviks make their move Allies- what countries?
Russia
France
Britain
United States Central Powers- what countries?
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Karl Marx
the father of communism. What happened to the royal family?
For 3 years, the Communists battle troops loyal to the Czar (known as the Whites), or against the Bolsheviks
Lenin ordered the Czar, his wife, and their 5 children executed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Lenin signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
This withdraws Russia from World War One
The Communists now try to focus their strength on gaining control of all of Russia
Post WW1 Treaty of Versailles- what was it and what were the terms?
- The German people distrusted the government, and were angry because they had agreed to the hated Treaty of
- Versailles.
- The weakness of this government will help Hitler come to power in the near future Nationalism
- extreme pride and devotion to one’s country no matter what Neutral/Neutrality
- Choosing neither side in war. Mandates
- territories administered by Western powers.
- Britain and France gained mandates over German colonies in Africa.
- Japan and Australia were given mandates over some Pacific islands.
- The treaty handled lands that used to be part of the Ottoman empire asif they were colonies too.
- In theory, mandates were to be held until they were able to stand alone. In practice, they became European colonies. Armistice
- Agreement to end fighting Reparations
- Germany was forced to pay reparations
- Factories were forced to close
- German banks failed
- People lost their life savings Self-determination
- People have the right to choose how they would be governed without any outside interference Genocide
- an attempt to destroy an entire race, religious, or ethnic group
- was carried out during WW1 between the years 1915 and 1918
- The Ottomans were attempting to rid the empire of the Armenians
- Thousands of Armenians were forced on Death Marches Weimar Republic
- The new government of Germany
- The government was weak - crippled by the reparations and a poor economy What dynasties/governments collapsed as a result of WW1?
- Russia: Czar Nicholas
- AUstria-Hungary: Karl 1 (or Charles 1)
- The Ottoman Empire: Sultan Mehmet VI
- Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm II Shell shock
- Soldiers suffered from a newly recognized condition called “shell shock” League of Nations
- was formed to keep the peace
- an international organization dedicated to maintaining peace, and advancing the interests of all peoples
- However, the League had no real power or authority
- The United States refused to join the League of Nations
- The United States (the Senate) did not want to get dragged into European problems again- which the Senate felt would bring the US into war
- As time soon revealed, the League was powerless to prevent aggression or war. Describe Britain’s empire after WW1
- Before the war, Great Britain was probably the most powerful country in the world
- It had a huge empire that stretched around the world, and brought millions of dollars to Britain
- after the war ,Britain was no longer able to maintain much of this empire
- Britain's factories were outdated
- Much of Britain's shipping had been lost to German U-boats in the war
- Britain was in debt from the war
- The people in the British colonies were unhappy and wanted independence