Untitled Flashcards Set

BIO 168 Nervous System Mock Exam

1. A patient experiences tingling and numbness in their fingertips. Which type of receptor is likely involved?
a. Chemoreceptor
b. Mechanoreceptor
c. Thermoreceptor
d. Nociceptor

2. A person touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. What type of reflex is this?
a. Stretch reflex
b. Withdrawal reflex
c. Crossed-extensor reflex
d. Golgi tendon reflex

3. A stroke causes damage to the right hemisphere of the brain. Which function is most likely impaired?
a. Logical reasoning
b. Language processing
c. Spatial awareness
d. Fine motor control of the right hand

4. A drug blocks the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most likely effect on neurons?
a. Enhanced neurotransmitter release
b. Impaired action potential propagation
c. Increased resting potential
d. Inhibited synaptic vesicle fusion

5. A person feels pain in their left arm during a heart attack. What is this phenomenon called?
a. Phantom pain
b. Referred pain
c. Projection
d. Hyperalgesia

6. A sprinter notices improved reaction times after training. Which type of nervous system activity is being enhanced?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Somatic nervous system
c. Sympathetic nervous system
d. Autonomic nervous system

7. A patient exhibits signs of Parkinson’s disease, such as tremors and slow movements. Which brain structure is most likely affected?
a. Medulla oblongata
b. Basal nuclei
c. Cerebellum
d. Limbic system

8. A student is studying in a noisy environment but can still focus on their textbook. Which brain system is helping filter irrelevant stimuli?
a. Limbic system
b. Reticular activating system
c. Hypothalamus
d. Cerebellum

9. A person consumes a drug that mimics the activity of beta receptors. Which effect is likely?
a. Decreased heart rate
b. Increased heart rate
c. Constricted airways
d. Increased digestion

10. A patient has difficulty regulating body temperature after brain damage. Which brain region is most likely affected?
a. Hypothalamus
b. Thalamus
c. Pons
d. Midbrain

11. A nerve impulse fails to propagate past a certain point. What could be the cause?
a. Blocked voltage-gated potassium channels
b. Absolute refractory period
c. Myelin sheath damage
d. Increased resting potential

12. A person feels dizzy after spinning in circles. Which structure in the inner ear is responsible for sensing this motion?
a. Cochlea
b. Semicircular canals
c. Vestibule
d. Tympanic membrane

13. A patient reports difficulty with fine motor skills. Which part of the brain might be involved?
a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Medulla oblongata
d. Hypothalamus

14. A person experiences blurry vision due to their lens losing flexibility. What condition might they have?
a. Hyperopia
b. Myopia
c. Presbyopia
d. Astigmatism

15. A neurotransmitter binds to a ligand-gated channel on a postsynaptic neuron. What is the likely result?
a. Voltage-gated channels open
b. Resting potential is restored
c. Ion flow changes across the membrane
d. Myelin sheath forms

16. A child is diagnosed with ADHD and has difficulty maintaining focus. Which brain wave activity might be altered?
a. Alpha waves
b. Beta waves
c. Theta waves
d. Delta waves

17. A patient cannot shrug their shoulders or turn their head properly. Which cranial nerve might be impaired?
a. Accessory nerve (XI)
b. Vagus nerve (X)
c. Facial nerve (VII)
d. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

18. A sprinter activates their sympathetic nervous system during a race. What physiological change occurs?
a. Increased digestion
b. Constricted pupils
c. Increased heart rate
d. Decreased respiratory rate

19. A person with damage to the frontal lobe has difficulty planning. Which functional area is likely impaired?
a. Premotor cortex
b. Prefrontal cortex
c. Primary motor cortex
d. Broca’s area

20. A person hears a loud noise and their pupils dilate. Which nervous system division controls this response?
a. Sympathetic nervous system
b. Parasympathetic nervous system
c. Somatic nervous system
d. Enteric nervous system

21. A patient sustains an injury to the dorsal root of their spinal cord. What function will likely be impaired?
a. Sensory input to the CNS
b. Motor output from the CNS
c. Reflex arc integration
d. Autonomic control

22. A person reports difficulty with short-term memory after a head injury. Which brain region is most likely affected?
a. Amygdala
b. Hippocampus
c. Hypothalamus
d. Medulla oblongata

23. A runner experiences referred pain in their left shoulder during a heart attack. What causes referred pain?
a. Misinterpretation of nerve signals by the brain
b. Hyperactive mechanoreceptors
c. Blocked blood flow to peripheral nerves
d. Overactivation of cranial nerves

24. A toxin prevents depolarization of neurons. Which phase of action potential is directly inhibited?
a. Resting potential
b. Depolarization
c. Repolarization
d. Hyperpolarization

25. A patient undergoing physical therapy practices balance exercises. Which part of the brain is primarily involved?
a. Cerebellum
b. Occipital lobe
c. Temporal lobe
d. Limbic system

26. A child experiences otitis media (middle ear infection). Which structure transmits sound to the middle ear and might be affected?
a. Cochlea
b. Tympanic membrane
c. Semicircular canals
d. Eustachian tube

27. A patient is unable to move their tongue properly. Which cranial nerve might be impaired?
a. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
b. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
c. Facial nerve (VII)
d. Accessory nerve (XI)

28. After an accident, a patient loses proprioception in their lower limbs. Which sensory receptors are likely damaged?
a. Mechanoreceptors
b. Proprioceptors
c. Thermoreceptors
d. Chemoreceptors

29. A chemical blocks ligand-gated sodium channels on postsynaptic neurons. How will this affect synaptic transmission?
a. Increase action potential frequency
b. Block depolarization of postsynaptic neurons
c. Enhance neurotransmitter release
d. Prolong relative refractory period

30. A stroke damages the left hemisphere of the brain, impairing speech. Which functional area is most affected?
a. Wernicke’s area
b. Broca’s area
c. Prefrontal cortex
d. Limbic system

31. A patient loses the ability to distinguish between salty and sweet foods. Which cranial nerves might be affected?
a. Vagus (X) and Accessory (XI)
b. Facial (VII) and Glossopharyngeal (IX)
c. Trigeminal (V) and Hypoglossal (XII)
d. Optic (II) and Oculomotor (III)

32. A drug prevents the reuptake of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. What is the likely effect on neural communication?
a. Enhanced excitatory signal transmission
b. Decreased neurotransmitter release
c. Reduced postsynaptic receptor activation
d. Blocked depolarization

33. A patient has damage to the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway. Which type of sensation is most likely affected?
a. Pain and temperature
b. Vibration and proprioception
c. Motor control
d. Balance and coordination

34. A person experiences symptoms of multiple sclerosis, including slowed neural conduction. What is causing these symptoms?
a. Demyelination of axons
b. Overproduction of myelin
c. Increased synaptic transmission
d. Impaired ligand-gated channels

35. A child suffers from a genetic condition that prevents proper sodium-potassium pump function. What will be the primary consequence in neurons?
a. Reduced resting potential
b. Enhanced neurotransmitter release
c. Increased depolarization frequency
d. Impaired refractory periods

36. A patient’s spinal cord is damaged at the level of T5. What motor and sensory deficits might they experience?
a. Loss of lower limb sensation and movement
b. Loss of upper limb sensation and movement
c. Complete paralysis below the neck
d. Impaired cranial nerve function

37. A person smells fresh cookies and experiences a flood of memories from childhood. Which brain system is involved?
a. Limbic system
b. Reticular activating system
c. Basal nuclei
d. Cerebellum

38. A person’s sense of smell is impaired due to an infection. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?
a. Optic nerve (II)
b. Olfactory nerve (I)
c. Facial nerve (VII)
d. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

39. A person’s pupils remain dilated in a brightly lit room. Which part of the autonomic nervous system is malfunctioning?
a. Sympathetic division
b. Parasympathetic division
c. Somatic nervous system
d. Enteric nervous system

40. A drug that blocks acetylcholine receptors is administered. What is the most likely effect?
a. Enhanced parasympathetic activity
b. Decreased parasympathetic activity
c. Increased sympathetic activity
d. Blocked motor neuron function

41. A patient complains of difficulty hearing after prolonged exposure to loud noise. Which structure is most likely damaged?
a. Tympanic membrane
b. Hair cells in the cochlea
c. Ossicles
d. Eustachian tube

42. A person’s taste perception is limited to sweet and salty. Which cranial nerve might be damaged?
a. Vagus nerve (X)
b. Facial nerve (VII)
c. Accessory nerve (XI)
d. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

43. A patient has a tumor compressing the cerebellum. What symptom might they exhibit?
a. Difficulty with fine motor coordination
b. Impaired speech comprehension
c. Altered emotional responses
d. Vision loss

44. A drug mimics the effects of norepinephrine. Which symptom is likely?
a. Slowed heart rate
b. Relaxed skeletal muscles
c. Increased respiratory rate
d. Constricted airways

45. A patient experiences loss of voluntary motor control on the left side of their body. Which brain structure might be damaged?
a. Right primary motor cortex
b. Left cerebellum
c. Right basal nuclei
d. Left prefrontal cortex

46. A person has difficulty maintaining posture and balance after a traumatic injury. Which tracts might be affected?
a. Corticospinal tracts
b. Rubrospinal tracts
c. Reticulospinal tracts
d. Medial lemniscal pathways

47. A child is diagnosed with strabismus, where the eyes are not properly aligned. Which cranial nerve might be responsible?
a. Optic nerve (II)
b. Oculomotor nerve (III)
c. Facial nerve (VII)
d. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

48. A person cannot perceive vibration in their fingers. Which type of receptor is likely damaged?
a. Mechanoreceptor
b. Nociceptor
c. Thermoreceptor
d. Chemoreceptor

49. A patient struggles with accommodation when shifting focus between near and distant objects. Which structure is involved?
a. Lens
b. Cornea
c. Retina
d. Sclera

50. A person’s heart rate fails to decrease during rest. Which part of the nervous system might be impaired?
a. Sympathetic division
b. Parasympathetic division
c. Enteric division
d. Somatic division

51. A person exposed to organophosphates (pesticides) exhibits excessive salivation and muscle tremors. What type of receptors are being overstimulated?
a. Beta receptors
b. Muscarinic receptors
c. Alpha receptors
d. Nicotinic receptors

52. A person with damage to the occipital lobe reports visual hallucinations. Which area is likely affected?
a. Primary visual cortex
b. Visual association area
c. Prefrontal cortex
d. Optic nerve

53. A person has difficulty detecting fine touch on their hand. Which spinal cord pathway is likely affected?
a. Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system
b. Spinothalamic pathway
c. Rubrospinal tract
d. Reticulospinal tract

54. A patient reports a metallic taste in their mouth after chemotherapy. Which cranial nerve might be affected?
a. Trigeminal nerve (V)
b. Facial nerve (VII)
c. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
d. Vagus nerve (X)

55. A person develops age-related hearing loss. Which structure is most likely deteriorating?
a. Semicircular canals
b. Cochlear hair cells
c. Ossicles
d. Eustachian tube

56. A student struggles to remember material they just studied. Which type of memory is affected?
a. Short-term memory
b. Long-term memory
c. Procedural memory
d. Sensory memory

57. A drug inhibits the function of alpha receptors. Which physiological change is expected?
a. Decreased heart rate
b. Relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessels
c. Increased blood pressure
d. Enhanced digestion

58. A patient with damage to the limbic system has difficulty regulating emotions. Which component might be involved?
a. Amygdala
b. Cerebellum
c. Pons
d. Medulla oblongata

59. A person with a spinal injury has difficulty sensing pressure and vibration but can feel pain. Which pathway might be damaged?
a. Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system
b. Spinothalamic pathway
c. Corticospinal pathway
d. Rubrospinal pathway

60. A person is diagnosed with glaucoma. Which part of the eye is most likely affected?
a. Retina
b. Aqueous humor drainage system
c. Cornea
d. Optic nerve