Science: Digestive Diseases and Disorders

1. Diarrhea: Condition with loose, watery stools; caused by contaminated food or intestinal disorders. Rehydrate with fluids and consider rehydration solutions for severe cases.

2. Gastric Ulcer: Inflammation in stomach lining caused by Helicobacter pylori or certain medications. Causes lower stomach pain. Prevent with healthy diet, probiotics, no smoking/alcohol/milk, stress reduction, and sufficient sleep.

3. Constipation: Difficulty moving bowels regularly; remedied by water intake and high-fiber foods like pineapple and papaya.

4. Appendicitis: Inflammation of appendix due to infection; excruciating lower right abdominal pain. Treat with appendectomy (surgical removal).

5. GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease): Stomach acid entering esophagus, causing heartburn. Prevent by maintaining ideal weight, avoiding smoking, eating before bedtime, spicy foods, and certain drinks.

6. Beriberi: Disease from low vitamin B1 levels, affecting cardiovascular system with symptoms like fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and leg swelling. Prevent with foods rich in vitamin B1 like legumes and meats.

7. Marasmus: Severe malnutrition with energy deficiency, common in children in developing countries. Prevent with balanced diet, protein-rich foods, and high-calorie foods.

8. Kwashiorkor: Malnutrition in infants after weaning, due to severe protein deficiency. Symptoms include edema, skin changes, impaired growth, and liver issues. Prevent with protein-rich foods like eggs and beans.