Summary of APUSH periods:

Period 1: - native occupying america in many different society and different ways of life pre-euro settlers

  • plains indians- nomadic lifestyle

  • permenent settlements like - Cahokia ( Missisipi river vally )

  • eastern woodlands - lived in log houses, around fertile soil

Spanish started occupying ameica before other european settlers such as the english and the french came

  • they had their encomienda systems and caste systems

    • this put natives into different catagories to try to get them to be their slaves and how they were the lower class of their class systems

    • spanish would go on missons to try to convert natives to christianity

Britain settlers first offical succesful est. was in Jamestown

  • they were leaving england for all sorts of different reasons such as

    • God, Gold, Glory

    • religious freedom away from the church of england

    • economic oppourtunites in the new world

  • Different relgious groups that came over were:

    • puritains who wanted to pureify the COE

    • separatists who wanted complete separation from the COE

    • Protestants

Period two:

As more and more english colonists and other different european countries were coming to the new world to persure god, gold and glory there were many distict colonies created and made in the new world from different countries

  • britain colonists- in colonies along the atlantic coast of modern day US

  • french colonists- first est. was quebec and they had pretty good relations with naitves and traded furs and other things that kept good connections with quite a few native tribes

  • spanish colonists - est settlements more towards the modern day florida area, and they would pursue to try to control the natives more than any other group, natives were integrated into their caste system.

these were the main different groups that started est. places in new world

American colonies:

  • New england colonies- the people in these colonies mainly came in families and were living on family farms and would participate in sustinence farming (growing food and making goods to support mainly just their own family or very small communities

    • these were mainly puritains and pilgrams (separatists)

  • middle colonies- these were the colonies with the greatest amount of diversity in them, pennsilvania (william penn est) this was known for religious freedom and a self- governing colony ( rare), the colony was also known for peaceful relationships with natives

    • this was the breadbasket colonies- weat and rye were very commonly grown there

  • Chesapeke colonies - (Virginia and maryland) - these colonies were known for having fetile soil and their main crop was tobacco

    • virginia had the first est of Jamestown and the first self governed group called the house of Burgesses

  • Southern colonies ( georgia, north caroline and south carolina) - these colonies were characterized by a plantation economy that relied heavily on slave labor, with cash crops such as rice and indigo being the primary exports.

The COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE -

  • this started in period one and went on through a long period of time and never really had a set end date

    • def: transfer of goods, culture, food, disease, and people from the new world to old world and vice versa

  • The triangle trade also played a crucial role during this time, facilitating the exchange of enslaved Africans as well as agricultural products such as sugar and tobacco, significantly impacting the economies and societies on both sides of the Atlantic.

    • this was from europe, africa, and the new world

  • The middle passage refers to the brutal journey enslaved Africans were forced to endure while being shipped across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas, which highlighted the inhumane conditions and the devastating impacts on the population.

As the colonies were growing and est as it seemed independent this was a period called salutary neglect- britain kinda just let them do as they chose-

  • One the french and inidan war ended the period of salutary neglect came to an end and britain started paying way more attention to the colonies because they needed ways to pay off debt and they had more time to focus on the colonies

    • this led to the est of more strict rules and taxes being put on the coloniests:

    • such as the navigation acts - stricter trade rules for the colonists

  • This was all during the time of the 1st great awakening and the englightenment


Period 3: Period of the American Revolution:

  • as the mother country put more and more attention towards their british colonies the colonists felt increasingly frustrated and began to question their loyalty to Britain, ultimately leading to escalating tensions that culminated in revolt.

  • acts like: Stamp act, Sugar act, Tea act were set in place to pay off more war debts and this enraged the colonists even more and led to smaller rebellions from the colonists against tax collectors and british troops

    • the tensions kept growing and some could say the height of the tension was the boston massacre and the boston tea party

      • these led to the intolerable acts being set in place and the boston harbor being shut down - which greatly effected a lot of the colonists because of trade with the outside world

  • The amerian revolution was officially started with the signing of the decleration of Independence at the 2nd continental congress

    • this started the revultionary war between britain and the american colonies and the colonists fighting for their independence

    • how did they win?

      • greuilla warfare - fighting on their homeland using tactics such as ambushes and hit-and-run attacks proved effective against the British forces, as it leveraged the colonists' knowledge of the terrain.

      • George washington as commander in cheif led the Continental Army to crucial victories, employing strategic maneuvers and inspiring leadership that united various colonial forces to push back against British dominance.

      • french alliances- the french played a huge role in helping the colonists win the war with supplies support and navel help

    • the colonists win with the british surrender and the Treaty of Paris of 1783 is signed and america is an independent country , marking the official end of the Revolutionary War and recognizing the sovereignty of the United States.

revolution effects on the colonies and america:

  • george washington is declared the first president of the US unanismously

Articles of confederation are signed but they are proved to be weak and inneffective:

  • shays rebellion - shows that under the articles the american gov’t does not have enough power to control uprisings , leading to calls for a stronger central government and ultimately resulting in the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

  • The constitution is formed and makes the US government immensly stronger but also makes some people angry becasue they think it has too much power- the bill of rigths are est so people have rights and an overpowering gov’t doesnt scare as many people too much

overall after the american revolution it leads to a division of the country based on political ideals and how much power the federal gov’t should be able to have

IE’s: -Washingtons farewell address, Federalists vs anti feds, the formation of the democratic republican political party, hamiltons plan


Period 4: period between revolutionary war and civil war (1800-1848)

1800- Jeffersonian democracy

  • first democratic republican president - he wanted the federal government to get away from a lot of the power that it possesed and give it to the states

    • strict construction

    • agrarian society

    • state power

  • The US started est more things and with the industrial revolution and market revolution they were starting to become one of the more dominent powers in the world - Monro Doctorine was est.

  • John quicy adams became president over andrew jackson becasue of the corrept bargain and henry clay helping him behind closed doors This event marked a significant turning point in American politics, leading to heightened partisan conflict and the eventual emergence of the Democratic Party as a powerful political force.

The era of Jackson- this happened when Andrew Jackson was elected after Quincy Adams.

  • era of the common man - universal white male sufferage

  • Jackson was very anti indian sentiment though through his decisions things were passed such as the

    • indian removal act - trail of tears which was caused by the want to continue moving westward

The market revolution and the industrial boom in the united states:

  • cotton gin (Eli whitney)

  • interchangable parts

  • more jobs opened up (factory jobs in north)

  • railroads

  • steamboats

  • the international road system expanded, facilitating the movement of goods and people, which further stimulated economic growth during this period.

This all led to a more connected american society but because of all this expansion the issue of slavery kept growing

  • the mousouri compromise

The 2nd great awakening and reform efforts

  • womans reform movements

    • Elizabeth Cady stanton - seneca falls convention -declaration of sentiments

    • prison reform - dorthea dix

    • “Cult of domesticity” - the woman belongs in the home

    • temperance movement

      Abolitionist movements grew:

    • harriet tubman and the underground railroad

    • free black movements in the north

    • freidrich douglass

      Education reform:

    • horace mann - public edu. access


  • More and more westward expansion:

    • the louisiana purchase

    • manifest destiny

All of these different aspects led to an economy in the united states that was being strewn apart by the issue of slavery and sectional tentions and how much federal power the US gov’t should be able to posses.