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Chapter 6: Police Strategies, Operations, and Engagement

Measuring Effectiveness of Police Strategies and Operations

  • Clearance Rates: Measures the proportion of incidents leading to suspect identification.

  • Crime Displacement: Refers to the relocation of criminal activity due to prevention efforts.

Models of Policing

Professional Model of Policing

  • Reactive and incident-driven focused on random patrol.

  • Key Components: Random patrol, rapid response, reactive investigation (known as the three Rs).

Community Policing

  • Focuses on police-community partnerships and problem-solving.

  • Key Components: Prevention, problem-solving, and community partnership (known as the three Ps).

Community-Based Strategic Policing

  • Combines community policing with prevention, response, and offense strategies.

  • Emphasizes community engagement and strategic police policies.

Crime Analytics

  • Utilize advanced statistical programs and crime maps to direct police decision-making.

  • Intelligence-led Policing: Guided by analyzing information to inform actions.

  • Compstat: Helps enhance police efficiency and accountability in crime reduction.

  • Predictive Policing: Uses statistical analysis for identifying potential crime time and locations. Risks include limited capacity for real-time information and biased policing.

Law Enforcement Challenges

Public Attitudes Toward Police

  • Importance of community-based strategic policing strategies:

    • Volunteer recruitment in police stations.

    • Foot and bike patrols.

    • Team policing.

Vulnerable Groups and Police Interaction

  • Increasing encounters of police with persons with mental illness (PwMI) after deinstitutionalization.

  • Importance of crisis intervention training (CIT) and assertive outreach teams.

Indigenous and Marginalized Groups

  • Sexual assault remains severely underreported (e.g., 1 in 20 incidents).

  • Barriers such as distrust, fear of police repercussion, and cultural gaps.

  • Issues surrounding missing and murdered Indigenous women and governmental inquiries for resolution.

Key Crime Prevention Strategies

Types of Crime Prevention Programs

  • Primary: Aiming to reduce opportunities for crimes from arising.

  • Secondary: Targeting areas/conditions producing crime and disorder.

  • Tertiary: Preventing re-offense among youth and adults.

The Broken Windows Approach

  • Theory that minor crimes lead to serious crime if unchecked.

  • Originated from New York City in the 1980s, the idea emphasizes maintaining order and addressing small offenses to prevent larger crimes.

Zero-Tolerance Policing

  • Focused on strict enforcement of order maintenance in specific areas.

  • Quality-of-life policing enhances conditions by targeting disruptive behaviours.

Problem-Oriented Policing (POP)

  • Addresses root causes of recurring crimes through community collaboration.

  • Employing the SARA model: Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment to guide strategies.

  • Police strategies emphasize community partnerships, evolving from traditional models to more collaborative approaches.

  • Challenges persist in police practices, particularly regarding vulnerable populations, showcasing the need for tailored strategies to improve community relations.