Skin
Here’s your Quizlet-style Q&A breakdown from the skin PDF — organized into flashcard-friendly questions and answers to make studying quick and efficient:
---
### Skin Layers & Color
Q: What are the layers of the skin?
A: Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.
Q: What 3 components determine skin color?
A: Melanin (brown), carotene (yellow-orange), and underlying vascular tones (red-purple).
Q: What factors modify skin color?
A: Skin thickness and presence of edema.
---
### Functions of the Skin
Q: What are the protective and adaptive functions of the skin?
A: Protection, prevents penetration, perception, fluid balance, temperature regulation, identification, communication, wound repair, absorption/excretion, and vitamin D production.
---
### Subjective Data: Skin Health History
Q: What are important questions to ask in a skin health history?
A: Past skin diseases, pigment/mole changes, dryness, itching, bruising, rashes, medications, and environmental exposures.
---
### Inspecting and Palpating the Skin
Q: What should you assess when inspecting skin color?
A: General pigmentation, freckles, moles, birthmarks, pallor, erythema, cyanosis, jaundice.
Q: How is skin temperature assessed?
A: Use the backs of hands; check for warmth and bilateral symmetry.
Q: What are the moisture types to look for?
A: Diaphoresis and dehydration.
Q: What are you checking for in skin thickness and edema?
A: Thickened areas (calluses) and fluid accumulation.
Q: How do you assess skin mobility and turgor?
A: Pinch skin to check elasticity and hydration.
Q: What should be noted with lesions?
A: Color, elevation, shape, size, location, exudate, and pattern.
---
### Skin Self-Examination – ABCDEF Rule
Q: What does ABCDEF stand for in skin assessment?
A: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter (>6mm), Elevation/Evolution, Funny looking.
---
### Developmental Skin Changes
Q: What skin changes are seen in infants?
A: Mongolian spots, café-au-lait spots, acrocyanosis, jaundice, lanugo, and nevus simplex.
Q: What are skin changes during adolescence?
A: Acne with open and closed comedones.
Q: What are common skin changes during pregnancy?
A: Striae, linea nigra, chloasma, vascular spiders.
Q: What are aging-related skin changes?
A: Solar lentigines, keratoses, xerosis, thin parchment-like skin, decreased hair/nail growth, brittle nails.
---
### Color Changes in Different Skin Tones
Q: Which color changes must be noted across all skin tones?
A: Pallor, cyanosis, erythema, and jaundice.
---
### Lesion Shapes & Patterns
Q: What are common lesion configurations?
A: Annular, confluent, discrete, grouped, gyrate, target, linear, polycyclic, zosteriform.
---
### Primary Skin Lesions
Q: Define macule vs. patch.
A: Macule: flat, <1 cm. Patch: flat, >1 cm.
Q: Define papule vs. plaque.
A: Papule: elevated, <1 cm. Plaque: elevated, >1 cm.
Q: Define nodule vs. tumor.
A: Nodule: solid, >1 cm. Tumor: larger, may be benign or malignant.
Q: What is a wheal and urticaria?
A: Wheal: raised, irregular edema. Urticaria: coalesced wheals.
Q: What are vesicles, bullae, cysts, and pustules?
A: Vesicle: fluid-filled <1 cm. Bulla: >1 cm, ruptures easily. Cyst: encapsulated fluid-filled. Pustule: pus-filled.
---
### Secondary Skin Lesions
Q: What are examples of debris on skin surfaces?
A: Crust and scale.
Q: What are breaks in skin surface?
A: Fissure, erosion, ulcer, excoriation, scar, atrophic scar, lichenification, keloid.
---
### Pressure Injury Stages
Q: What are the 4 pressure injury stages?
A:
- Stage I: Non-blanchable erythema
- Stage II: Partial thickness loss
- Stage III: Full thickness skin loss
- Stage IV: Full thickness tissue loss
---
### Vascular Lesions
Q: Name 3 types of hemangiomas.
A: Port-wine stain, strawberry mark, deep hemangioma.
Q: What are telangiectases examples?
A: Spider angioma and venous lake.
Q: What are purpuric lesions?
A: Petechiae, ecchymosis, purpura.
---
### Skin Lesions in Children
Q: What are common skin lesions in children?
A: Diaper dermatitis, candidiasis, impetigo, eczema, measles, rubella, chickenpox.
---
### Other Common Skin Lesions
Q: Name other notable skin conditions.
A: Contact dermatitis, drug reaction, ringworm (body and foot), cold sores, tinea versicolor, shingles, Lyme disease, psoriasis.
---
### Malignant Skin Lesions
Q: What are the 3 major types of malignant skin cancer?
A: Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma.
---
Let me know if you’d like this exported as a file or broken into Quizlet sets by topic (e.g., lesions, developmental changes, cancers).