Energy and Energy Resources Notes

==Energy is the ability to cause change/the ability to do work.==

The ==Work-Energy Theorem states that the amount of energy an object has equals the amount of work done on it.==

==Kinetic Energy is the energy of a moving object:==

@@Two factors that affect the kinetic energy of an object are mass and speed.@@
Faster-moving objects have more kinetic energy than slower ones because you do more work on an object to make it move faster.
Heavier objects have more kinetic energy than lighter objects because you have to push/pull harder on them in order to make them move.

==Potential energy is stored energy for later use.==

Potential energy can take one of three possible forms:

==Gravitational potential energy is potential energy due to the position of an object.== @@Objects that are higher above the ground have the potential to fall@@ a farther distance than objects that are close to the ground.
- Example: %%A book on a shelf could fall to the ground.%%
==Elastic potential energy is potential energy due to the material an object is made out of.== @@Stretchy or squishy objects have the potential to snap back or recoil when you let go of them.@@
- Example: %%A stretched rubber band can snap back to its original shape when you release it.%%
==Chemical potential energy is potential energy due to the bonds between atoms of an object.== @@The energy is released when these bonds are broken.@@
- Example: %%Food is broken down by your digestive system to provide thermal and kinetic energy.%%

==An object's total amount of energy (potential energy + kinetic energy) is called that object’s mechanical energy.==

==Sound energy is energy carried by objects that vibrate.== Sound energy cannot travel through completely empty space.

==Thermal energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of atoms and molecules in matter due to their motion:==

^^Thermal energy is a fancy way of saying “heat energy”^^
Hotter objects have more kinetic energy (and faster-moving molecules) than cold objects do.

==Electric energy is the energy carried by an electric current.==

==Radiant energy is the energy carried by electromagnetic waves:==

^^Radiant energy is often more commonly called light energy.^^
We call light “radiant energy” because most electromagnetic waves are at wavelengths and energies our eyes cannot see.
- Examples include x-rays, microwaves, ultraviolet light, and infrared light.
Radiant energy can travel through empty spaces.
\n ==Nuclear energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.==

==Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed from one kind into another. This statement is known as:==

==The Law of Conservation of Energy==
==The First Law of Thermodynamics==

%%When you throw or kick a ball into the air, it has a lot of kinetic energy the moment you kick/throw it.%% @@As it rises, that kinetic energy is turned into potential energy.@@ %%When the ball%% @@reaches its highest point, it stops, and@@ @@all of the kinetic energy has turned into potential energy.@@ %%Then, the ball begins to%% @@fall back down to the ground again@@ %%under the influence of gravity.%% @@Its potential energy is turned into kinetic energy once again until it reaches the ground.@@

@@If you added up the kinetic energy and potential energy of the ball at any point, however, you’d find that the total amount of energy would always be the same.@@ ==This is the Law of Conservation of Energy the total amount of energy of the ball does not ever change.==

@@Oftentimes, kinetic or potential energy is turned into thermal energy. This is because of the presence of friction.@@

@@Whenever we transform energy from one kind to another, some of the energy is always turned into thermal energy.@@ ==This thermal energy that we cannot use is known as waste energy.== \n @@Whenever energy is used, some is transformed into useful energy, and some is transformed into waste energy.@@ ==It is impossible not to waste any energy at all. This statement is known as the Third Law of Thermodynamics.==