Exam study guide 1st semester

Articles I-VII

Article 1-Legislative branch

Article 2-Executive branch

Article 3-Judicial Branch

Article 4- the privileges and immunities clause and the emission of new states

Article 5- the supremacy and loyalty clause

Article 6- amending the constitution

Article 7- all states must follow the constitution

All Amendments

1st Amendment-5 freedoms: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition

2nd amendment-Right to bear arms

3rd amendment-No quartering of soldiers

4th amendment-No unreasonable search and seizure without warrant

5th amendment-right to remain silent

6th amendment-right to a fair and speedy trial

7th amendment-right to a trial by jury and no lawsuits under $20

8th amendment-no cruel and unusual punishment

9th amendment- One right cannot be used to limit another persons right

10th amendment- Guarantees a federalism form of government

11th amendment-Federal courts can hear a case between a state and citizens of another state

12th amendment- electoral college

13th amendment- abolished slavery in US except as punishment for a crime

14th amendment-all people are citizens and have = rights

15th amendment-right to vote for all MEN

16th amendment-income tax to the rich

17th amendment-the election of senators and every state must have two

18th amendment- you cannot make,sell or distribute alcohol

19th amendment-women gain the right to vote

20th amendment(lame duck)- set the date for presidential election

21st amendment-makes alcohol legal

22nd amendment- put a two term limit on presidency

23rd amendment-district of colombia=not a state

24th amendment-no poll taxes

25th amendment-if a president is sick he can come back when he is well

26th amendment- guaranteed right to vote when ur 18

27th amendment- ⅓ of senate and all of HOR votes in 2022

Reconstruction- Lasted from 1865-1877, south felt like reconstruction was punishment from war

Radical Republicans-wanted to punish south for the war

Great Migration- Many people leave the south bc of racism and they go north but specifically to NYC.

Rutherford B. Hayes- Became president in 1887 when he won the election unfairly and this ended reconstruction

Henry Bessemer-steel mills everywhere in birmingham and steel allows people to build upwards(skyscrapers)

Thomas Edison-invented the light bulb, first person to record sound and invented the movie camera

Christopher Sholes-speeds up reading and writing through his invention of the typewriter and This made business faster

Alexander Graham Bell-invented the telephone and when he tested it for the first time he said “can you hear me”

Time Zones-because different trains left at different times there was chaos so time zones were implemented so each region can have a time zone making schedules more reliable

George Pullman-creator of pullman cars. Pullman cars was comfortable seating for trains. They were created in pullman illinois which was a town dedicated to making pullman cars. This was innovative and desirable.

Grangers-midwest farmers who pressured congress about railroad regulations

Munn v. Illinois- Ruled in favor of grangers that congress CAN regulate railroads

Interstate Commerce Act- act passed to regulate railroads

Vanderbilts- Owned a railroad company and one of the wealthiest families to exist

Andrew Carnegie-came here from scotland at 9 years and he started with nothing, he got a job in a mailroom in NYC and he owned the company by 20. He was a noble man.Horizontal and vertical integration- he owned the company and the supplier and he was the first to do this

J.P. Morgan- ran many banks

John Rockefeller- owned oil wells,refineries and gas stations. He made his prices higher and he paid his workers lower. But he gave away 500 million dollars

Mark Twain-wrote about life in missouri, very popular author

Gilded Age- taking something plain and covering it with gold paint. Making things seem more ornate then they are

Sherman Antitrust Act- makes monopolies illegal and creates a resentment of the rich

Unions- the demand is too high

Child labor-they were payed half of an adult salary even though they worked the same hours and children could reach into the small parts of machines when they got stuck, VERY DANGEROUS

Craft unions- skilled laborers- something you know how to do in advance. They are called the AFL

Industrial unions-combined both skilled and unskilled workers

International Workers of the World- “the wobblies” and “the scabs”

Haymarket Riot- In chicago on May 4,1886, police officers were sent to deal with labor protesters. This is important because it showed the struggles of laborers

Union scabs- people who take jobs that union workers are trying to improve

American Federation of Laborers- skilled workers who know how to do things in advance

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory- A factory in NYC that made women's blouses and only employed women. A fire broke out and the women were locked in and couldn’t get out and 146 women were killed. This put public safety requirements in place and began fire safety.

1890s immigration- A massive influx of population from Italy, Eastern Europe and Russia. Many different religions, races and languages. Lots of discrimination towards immigrants. Many lived in ethnic neighborhoods such as little italy

Ellis Island- In NYC this is where immigrants came they had to go through a process to become citizens this included 1.doctor inspection 2.great hall and then you could be dropped off at the port.

Angel Island- Located in california this where immigrants from asian countries came. In order to enter america you must speak 30 english words and it could take months to leave. Americans were trying to discourage them(nativism)

Ethnic neighborhoods-Ethnic neighborhoods that immigrants lived in such as little italy.

Nativism- people who are native to U.S get more rights. Bias towards immigrants

Chinese Exclusion Act- San francisco separated japanese students everyone else.

Yick Woo v. Hopkins- the laundry mat case. Very important because OVERWHELMING GOVERNMENT is introduced. This means that gov’t can discriminate if there is an overwhelming gov’t interest in doing so. Safety burdens fall on gov’t

Problems of urbanization- Profiting businesses need land, labor and capitol. Most ppl don’t have these 3. NYC tenements- housing for the poor. Two problems with this cholera and typhoid

Social Darwinism- You are rich and powerful in society because you are superior, your wealth and power is evidence of this. This is theory is brought about by Charles Darwin.

Political machines-A community organization that gave money to city organizations (hospitals etc) used to bribe individuals to get what they wanted politically

Grover Cleveland-Only president to serve two terms NOT back to back. He was against tariffs. The people vote for grover but the rich people bribed their way into voting benjamin harrison.

William McKinley- He became president in 1897. The mckinley tax made imported goods more expensive.

Brooklyn Bridge- The first bridge to use steel for cable wire

Skyscraper- You can only build up in NYC you have to have steel and steel becomes the most important building material in America

Columbian Exposition- The world fair. The first ferris weel is created here. Many people who went here and stayed at the HH Holmes hotel disappeared and they found out he was a mass murderer

Roscoe Conkling- King of NYC(he ran the political machines). He tells people who to vote for through bribes from candidates.

William Tweed-Arrested for frauding NYC for 10 million dollars,Pressured the city into thinking that they needed a new courthouse with very expensive material,While he was in jail he was still meeting with politicians and taking bribes.

Tammany Hall- the official name of the democratic party association in NYC

Industrialists- A powerful businessman who owns large industrial factories

McKinley Tariff Act- Makes imported goods more expensive

George Eastman-Founded the kodak company. The first to make the use of photographic film mainstream.

Wright Brothers- they were trying to figure out the secret to flight. First successful flight was on the beaches of South Carolina.

Middle class-you earn enough money to pay for all of year over the course of a month and still have money left over

New sports- Many new sports came into the U.S in 1896 because of the national olympic committee. The committee believed that if we could play each other in sports there would never be another war. Sports included rugby - USA won all 4 times,rowing,regattas and team rowing, Bicycling- long distance bike races,Basketball- designed as a sport for women ,Tennis- slow to grow, Baseball- slow to grow

Joseph Pulitzer-Came to own almost all the newspapers in US- very well respected.

William R. Hearst- Also came to own many newspapers but he was NOT well respected

Sears & Roebuck- Catalog that you could order anything you have ever wanted including homes and everything you need to go in them.

RFD-RURAL FREE DELIVERY-change in the way that the post office worked- people in rural areas could now get packages

Ashcan School of Art-metal cans used to put ashes in from cigarettes,art in the 1800s was predominantly landscaping, ash can art was about city art

Marching music-people go concerts to see marching band concerts

Ragtime- scott joplin was the father of ragtime music. Syncopated music that originated in new orleans

Literacy tests-southern states set up literacy tests to be able to vote and anyone who doesn't pass cannot vote

Poll taxes-

Grandfather clauses-In southern states, if your grandfather could vote before the civil war, so can you. Made it so only white people can vote

Lynching-people who pass were lynched and put to death and they used this to scare people out of cheating the system

JimCrow Laws-minstrel shows-White people dressed up like black people and doing african american dances,All white audience,Jim Crow was one of the main characters in the performances. Jim Crow laws: completely segregated everything ex: water fountains

Plessy v. Ferguson Racial norms of 1900-one of the worst supreme court cases in all of history. 1890: Louisiana passes a law requiring passenger train cars to be separated. Train companies don't like this law because they have to use longer trains and have more material and staff- they want to get rid of this law and the citizens don't like it either. Louisiana has a large number of mixed race citizens

Progressivism-actively working to make changes within society

Patronage-when you come to office and promise lots of people jobs

Civil service-if you pass a certain test, you get a job

James Garfield-president from March 1881 to September 1881, he promised many jobs to the people who voted for him but he could not provide and someone shot him bc he didn't fulfill his promise

Chester Arthur-creates the pendleton service act, This makes it so that the most qualified people get gov't jobs, Starts progressivism

John Dewey-opposed to Rote learning and he believed that the purpose of education should be to teach students how to slove real world problems

Mother Jones-irish immigrant who wanted to improve the rights of immigrants in the us

Jane Adams-founder of the settlement house movement and the hull house

Jacob Riis-took pictures of the way people in poverty live

-wrote a book called "How the Other Half Lives"

-gave speeches to the wealthy and middle class

-his goal was to convince his audience to help raise money and enact laws to help people living in poverty

Florence Kelly-began working at the Hull House with kids, She didn't like how kids had to work, Realized that our country was in desperate need of child labor laws

Lewis Hines-went undercover photographing little kids working in factories and Kelly and Hines start to pressure congress into enacting child labor laws

Margret Sanger-had a theory that the reason poverty exists is because people are having too many children and started planned parenthood

Upton Sinclair-he was a chunk raker who was concerned with food safety in the U.S ,wrote a book called "the jungle" about meat processing in the U.S, he wanted food safety to be enacted

Muckrakers-Someone who intentionally stirs up society

FDA-makes sure food and drugs are safe and oversees meat and food production plants

Meat inspection act-prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded livestock and derived products as food and ensured sanitary slaughtering and processing of livestock.

W.E.B Dubois-from NYC and one of the first black men to graduate harvard law

Booker T. Washington-from Alabama and came from a long line of slaves , Grew up during black codes,Admitted that most blacks wont reach equality ,He said that the key to reaching equality is education and vocational training, Washington had the belief that if blacks can become parallel to whites and just as successful then whites would admit that they were equal

Teddy Roosevelt-26th president who set the standard of greatness for future presidents, growing up, teddy was very sick but he decided to change that and he came very athletic and wrestled at harvard , teddy is a war hero who wants fairness-ie(square deal), he was shot during a speech but still continued to speak for two more hours, had a hard past, his first wife died during birth

Bully pulpit- A platform created by Teddy roosevelt where people can advocate for their agenda

Monopoly-teddy doesn't like them, Orders justice department to file suit ,Rips apart railroad companies and many other companies, Nicknamed the lion tamer

Mediator-teddy mediates conflict between workers and bosses, Invites people to the white house to resolve conflicts and lets them talk to each other, Shows his seriousness of the matter and gives them a certain degree of respect

Conservation-the act of protecting land

National Park Service-The National Park Service is an agency of the United States federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior that manages all national parks, most national monuments, and other natural, historical, and recreational properties with various title designations. John Myer urged teddy to start it

Preservation-belief that humans can have access to the land, but they should only utilize it for its natural beauty and inspiration

Prohibition- religious movement of mainly women who believed that drinking was a sin

Carrie Nation-widow who wore black and carried a hatchet and Attacked people in bars

WCTU-women's christain temperance union that began in Ohio, motto:do everything

,Stood in front of bars with bibles, Started private schools with a anti-alcohol curriculum

Anti-Saloon League-more religious and political,motto:the church in action against the saloon, when you joined you join you have to pay dues and fees,Money was used to help politicians run for office to ban alcohol

White slavery- prostitution

Red light district- an area with red lights in the windows that means that prostution is prevalent in that area or specific establishment.

James Robert Mann- decides that he wants to change white slavery so he makes it ileagal to carry a women across state lines for immoral purposes but the mann act only arrested black males and unmarried couples traveling together

Ida B. Wells- Born a slave and went to school to become a journalist. She didn’t see racism as a big issue until she was removed from a train so a white person could have her seat. Her main cause that she wrote about was lynching because she believed that it was a moral issue.

Ida Tarbell-NYC news paper writer and she had beef w John Rockefeller because he was running a monopoly. She advocated for his monopoly to be torn apart and caused him to loose his refineries and gas stations.

Lincoln Steffens- Wrote a syndicated newspaper column and advocated for a different cause daily.

Fredrick Olmstead- He designed and constructed central parks and parks in birmingham

Women's suffrage- Women's movement where they demanded voting righteous

Elizabeth Caty Stanton- She was a representative at the seneca falls convention and she demanded voting rights, healthcare and jobs for women but she was denied by congress

Susan B. Anthony- one of the most influential leaders in the women's suffrage movements

Carrie Chapman Catt- She believed in a state by state approach and she believed that women must convince men that they should have the right to vote

Alice Paul- Young and radical and she believed in a more persistent approach to gaining rights. She was the leader of the national woman's party. She wanted an amendment added to the constitution and she marched through the streets demanding voting rights.

Lucy Burns- She was one of alice pauls closest advisers in the national woman's party

Woodrow Wilson- Southern democrat who wanted to push aside the demands of the women's suffrage movement. He eventually decides that we must go into war in 1914 to protect other countries democracies

William Jennings Bryan- He is an attorney in the scopes trial representing the state and on the stand they ask him questions about the bible and he answers in a way that doesn’t fully support the Bible

William Taft- He was a progressive president in office from March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913. He has to deal with the national park system and he announces that he is giving them to industrialists which is reversing roosevelt's work. Passes the Payne Bill and Aldridge Bill simultaneously raising and lowering the tariffs

Payne-Aldrich Act- Act passed by william taft that simultaneously raised and lowered tariffs

Bull Moose Party-teddy's new party and it was a 3 way race between roosevelt,taft and wilson and it split the republican party apart

Clayton Antitrust Act-one company cannot buy stock in another company for the purpose of forming a monopoly

Sherman Antitrust Act-allowed the federal government to intercede to dissolve monopolies and trusts

Federal Trade Commission-works with clayton and sherman anti trust acts to investigate unfair business practices and stops mergers of companies if it makes monopolies supports the 16th amendment: must pay income tax, at first only the rich had to pay but now middle class and poor pay

Federal Reserve System-created under wilson,created a bank for banks which gave people a place to deposit money, regulates banks in this countries, created to try and help people not loose their money.

Isolationism-means that we do not want to be involved in foreign affairs

Emma Goldman-Child of immigrants in U.S, her parents were poor factory workers in the U.S. Emma came to the U.S poor and died poor and it was upsetting to her that very little could be done to change this cycle. She didn’t like how a false hope was displayed for life in america because only the rich could achieve this. Emma was an anarchist and gained many followers from the poor and middle class groups. This was called radical progressivism.

Bourbon Democrat- Bourbon had the reputation of being a rich mans drink so the bourbon democrats were rich democrats. Gained huge popularity in Alabama. Alabama politicians claimed we needed to rewrite our constitution that is progressive but writing conservative documents and they wanted to get rid of the reconstruction ideas in the AL constitution by getting rid of rights for slaves.

AL Const. 1901-longest governmental document in the world 1.Home rule: towns in Al cannot make decisions for themselves,whole state must vote for changes to be made, wanted to keep specific parts of alabama poor and the schools bad so when people graduate they have no skills

Imperialism-very popular in european countries and its based on the idea that building colonies is success

William Seward- He was the secretary of state from 1861-1869 and he bought alaska which was americas first successful expansion and a great interest in colonizing develops in the U.S

Midway Islands- Midway between California and Asia, not inhabited by anyone. This land would give us a footland in the pacific ocean and provided a place for ships to rest on the way to Asia

Queen Liliuokalani- Wants americans to get out of Hawaii. Hawaii's ambassadors tell navy to attack but president cleveland has no idea this is happening and when he finds out he orders them to stop bc Isolation and neutrality.

Cuba- 90 miles off the coast of florid and there is lots of farming opportunities here. Spain says they own cuba but in 1880 the cuban independence movement spreads and they want to split from spain. Cuba libre- this means americans get kicked out of cuba

Yellow Journalism- Not actually true it is meant to rowl people up and make them worried

Rough Riders- Sent to handle cuba led by teddy roosevelt.

Spanish-American War

Opium- Comes from china and is historically smoked. It is supposed to calm you but it actually makes it so that you cannot move. Morphine is the liquid version of opium and it became hugely popular in the US even for babies. It was used as a cure for anything and everything.

Panama Canal-U.S is mad so they tell them that panama should succeed and start their own country,Colombia lets them leave,Panamas government it very loyal to the U.S every year U.S gave them millions of dollars for 100 years to get to build it, Biggest construction project to take place at that time

"Dollar Diplomacy"-America could bribe corrupt government officials in Nicaragua,we made huge loans to them and in turn we got the rights to build railroads in their country and we get the money back to U.S companies, the Nicaraguan people were mad so they start to protest and rebel against the people building and so the U.S sends in soldiers to deal with them.

Pancho Villa- They arrange to attack a US train that was bringing minerals back to the

Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers- United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France

Nationalism- Every country says that their country was the best country in the world. Very destructive and leads to nativism

Militarism- The goal was to build up your army and try to get as many weapons possible

Alliances- countries start to pick sides

Franz Ferdinand- He is the successor of the throne but Franz Joseph(current King) thinks that he is stupid

Black Hand- A serbia street gang but all member have TB so they are gonna die soon and they don’t care about getting in trouble. One of them ends up killing Franz Ferninand and his wife sophie.

Trench warfare- A ditch that soldiers stood in as they fought. It made easier for people with machine guns to kills people. When it rained it filled with water and made it easy for disease to spread.

Zimmerman Note-a note from germany telling mexico to attack the United States. The main reason we got involved in WWI

Lusitania- In 1915 the Lucitania shop was coming from NYC with americans and going toward England so it was mistaken for an English ship and it was sunk by a german torpedo. America was mad but they didn’t go bc they were gonna stick w isolationism and neutrality.

Reparations-Germany had to pay france back for the damage that they caused during WW1

The Red Scare-set up by lenin he was from russia and started the fear of communism

Sacco & Vanzetti-Italian immigrants and factory workers with high aspirations but they were anarchists so they were already put on close watch. They were wrongly accused for a crime they didn’t win.

KKK in 20s-Motto: Keep america for americans. The klan was very popular in the 20’s and they did parades in NYC. They are opposed to black people, all immigrants, catholics, jewish, women who vote and have jobs aren't american.

D.W. Griffith-At the time people told him not to make the white people heroes in his movie “The Birth of a nation” but he did it anyways and his movie gained a wide spread popularity for the Klan

Harlem Renaissance-In harlem there was a large and growing number of middle class african americans. This means they had disposable income. Became very popular for people to use that income on arts and education. THIS IS IMPORTANT- Bc/ it is the first time that things created by african americans were given credit to african americans and enjoyed by whites. It was a radical change that whites were enjoying black art

The New Negro-a book of short stories written by African Americans and showed them as successful and smart americans

Langston Hughes-most well known for “Blacks Like Me” and he wrote poems about blacks in america

Zora Neal Hurston-She wrote “And Their Eyes Were Watching God”. This is the first time that black women are written in literature and she makes choices for herself and only serves herself.

Louis Armstrong- Chicago Jazz,earliest hit was “Dinah” and he also sang scat

Duke Ellington-played the piano and he was in charge of the band at the cotton club

Cab Calloway- drummer and he introduced call and response music

W.C. Handy- Born in Florence, AL. Sings the blues and plays at Tuxedo Junction in Bessemer, AL and then goes to NYC to play at the cotton club

Bessi Smith- One of the most famous blues singers in american history

Josephine Baker- Singer and dancer born in St.Louis and came into NYC to become a star. She preformed at the cotton club and was most famous for her banana dance. She gets tired of racism in the U.S so she moves to Paris and becomes very famous in Europe

Marcus Garvey- Born in Jamaica but grew up in the US as an immigrant. He claimed that whites were so racist so they could never be famous so he believed that they should live separate lives. He starts the Universal Negro Improvement Asscosion but ends up scaming millions of people.

c.J. Walker-1910s she was the wealthiest african american in the US and she made beauty products for african american women. At first her business started out small but eventually her company was bought by revlon.

Warren G. Harding- One of the worst presidents in US history. He won office because people thought he looked like he should be president but he wasn’t very bright. The first thing he does in office is he invites all leaders from WWI to DC

Kellogg-Briand Pact-all of the countries of the war agree to stop making weapons and they will never go to war again and everybody signs it

Ohio Gang- Harding's cabinet. They were his poker buddies from back home and they were criticized for their drinking and they were involved in many scandals.

Tea Pot Dome Scandal- A member of harding's cabinet sold part of a national park in wyoming to an oil company.

Calvin Coolidge- He was the next president after harding. Two main effects of his presidency:He applied deregulation to businesses and stock marke and “The business of the American people is business”

Henry Ford- He starts the ford corporation with the first car being the “Model-T”. He raises the wages of his workes so that they can afford to buy the cars they make this ensures that he will never run out of workers and it is the first time that factory workers are able to join the middle class.

Route 66- a highway that went from chicago to Los angeles and many new communities pop up

Amelia Earhart-broke many records for traveling long distances and then she disappears over the pacific ocean

Charles Lindbergh-The first person to fly from North America to Europe without stopping by himself and he becomes the first modern day celebrity. His life shows the dangers of being a celebrity.

Installment Plan- Americans could pay a small amount in down payment for items and pay the rest back in monthly installments.

Boston Police Strike-Boston police force had not had a raise in 10 years and if any police brought it up the were fired so all the police officers decided to go on strike and they all get fired but nobody really cares they just say it was because they were communits.

U. S. Steel Strike-Andrew Carnegie's workers at the steel factory go on strike because the working conditions are so poor that they are getting hurt. Carnegie hires people to beat up the workers on strike but the american people are not okay with this so they are allowed to come back to work with better pay and working conditions on the agreement that they will not form a union

Problems of Prohibition- There are only 1500 prohibition for the U.S and people break the law from the beginning

Fundamentalism-They believe that every word of the bible should be taken literally

Aimee Simple McPherson-She was a preacher on the radio live from hollywood,california, very large church with thousands of people and in every sermon she asked her followers for money. Her career ended when a scandal came out that she was involved in a 3 way relationship.

Billy Sunday-pro baseball player who gave up baseball to preach but he just wanted peoples money and lost many followers when he claimed “Jesus wants him to be rich”

Scopes Trail-the scopes in Dayton, Tennessee was a small religious town in the south. When a teacher John Scopes speaks about evolution and he is arrested and scope ends up being prosecuted and has to pay 100 dollars

Clarence Darrow- Famous union lawyer who worked to help workers on strike and he is hired by the ACLU for the scopes trial

Flappers- Women start to get their own jobs, cars and gain a new independence all because of the flappers

Social criticisms of 20s- Many men do not like the new changes in women and southerners disagree with evolution being taught in schools

Justification of education-increased awareness for job training and after the war there is a firm belief that americans need to know what it means to be an american. School is where you learn to come in contact with people who are different. Essential for social development

Babe Ruth-played baseball for the yankees in 1920 and hugely famous

Helen Wills- very good at tennis and won all 7 US opens

The Jazz Singer-the first movie produced by war bros. It was about a guy who lives with his mom in NYC, At the end of the movie there is a minstrel show

Walt Disney- Created and marketed the first cartoons

George Gershwin-the first great american composer, he thought american music should stand out and be different from european music. His music represented life in america. His most famous piece “Rhapsody Blue” and represents life in NYC

Georgia O'Keeffe-most famous for her vibrant colors that she used on her flowers and she pushed the boundaries of art for women

Edward Hooper- painted pictures of the loneliness of urban life

Sinclair Lewis-the first writer to win a national award for literature and his story called “Babit” creates a satire of suburban living that many people relate too

F. Scott Fitzgerald-He becomes the voice of the writers of the 20’s

Dorothy Parker-A writer and Poet and she is also a social critique, She is the leader of the “Vicious Circle” and she is very witty

Edith Wharton-she is older but she embraces the ideas of the new generations and she claims that the 20s is much better for women than the gilded age.

Gertrude Stein-a very rich American who got fed up with america in the 1920s

And she argued that america was to conservative and judgemental and they are obsessed with conformity so she moved to Europe. She encourages all of the best american writers to break more rules in their writing

The Lost Generation-They are all damaged by WWI and they have chosen to leave america because of Americas “Rejection of Difference”

Ernest Hemingway-He ends up in europe bc of WWI he wanted to be a war hero but he gets hurt, All of his hopes and dreams are gone because he doesn’t feel like a hero. So he writes fictional accounts of his own life

CWA-the workers who built stuff for the PWA

NRA-The national recovery administration. made sure that things were as fair as possible by standardizing and setting prices also set up hiring and firing practices

FHA-the federal housing association: allowed customers to be able to renegotiate mortgages making it easier to pay back the bank

American Liberty League-argued that these programs are taking away peoples rights: Specifically AAA and NRA

Francis Townsend-He is a doctor and he argues the poor and elderly cannot afford to go to the doctor and they are more likely to starve and freeze to death. He says america needs a safety net to catch these people and thats not in the plan

Huey Long-he is from new orleans and he announces he is running for president and he will take down FDR. He says that americans should share their wealth. The poor like him because they want money. He runs for president against his Father in Law and wins but then he was shot

Second New Deal- took place during the 2nd 100 days that FDR was in office

The Second Hundred Days- a new set of programs in 1935 that were part of the second new deal

Soil Conservation Act-allows farmers to opt in to get payed( supplemental income) to keep agriculture prices high

Farm Security Admin-set up camps for people to live in when they came to California and provided medical care for these people

WPA-works progress administration, Government hires artists to document and record the progress of the new deal

NYA-national youth administration: lots of teens dropping out of highschool which only qualifies them for low-skill jobs also this program was to train teens to work in higher skilled jobs so you don't have to take the low skill jobs

Social Security Act-when you turn 65 u get $ from government

TVA-Tennessee Valley Authority: created a series of dams in tn valley. set up a series of power plants to create electricity and made lines shorter

Francis Perkins-secretary of labor and the first women to sit on the presidents cabinet

Marian Anderson-Marion was the most famous opera singer in the world in the 30s so the DAR hired her but when they found out she was black they uninvited her.Elenor was horrified by this and invited marion to sing at the new lincoln mem on easter and Franklin didn’t show up

Indian Reorganization Act-1820s: native americans pushed to reservations and their land is being taken away. late 1800s: US takes native american children away from their families and put in boarding schools until they were 18 this was an attempt to destroy native american culture. FDR Ends all of these policies!!!

Hollywood's Golden Age- A period from 1930s-1940s when hollywood was at it’s height and the film industry was at it’s peak

Depression Glass- Free glassware distributed at movie theaters during the great depression.

Soap operas- Over the top and never ends and its called a soap opera bc its always advertise

Causes of Great Depression-Mass production, Home sales, Banks, Credit, Overfarming, Hoover becomes president, Economic disparity

Black Tuesday- the day that the stock market crashed. October 29,1929

Urban impact- Nobody has a job or money and people loose their jobs and homes. Even many factory workers are laid off and many businesses shut down. When peoples houses are foreclosed by the bank they go to the city in hopes that charity will help and they don’t.

Rural impact-some people in rural areas felt no impact because they didn’t speculate because they were self sufficient they were poor and only ate what they grew but some farmers compensated overfarming with over soiling and they destroyed their soil because it no longer had nutrient content. Then a drought hits causing dust bowl

Run on Banks- When a large amount of depositors loose their trust in the security of their bank at once and they try to pull out all of their funds

Hoboes-this becomes a serious problem with men disappearing from their families

and illegally rode freight trains looking for work

Families responses- For many families since the father left the women had to start taking over roles

Hoover response- He says that it is not the governments job to get involved when the economy is suffering and he said that the charities would help enough.

"rugged Individualism"-americans want to feel proud of what they have accomplished, they don't want to help. Teddy believed that helping americans would make them feel weak

Boulder Dam- Hoover Dam: The largest construction project till that point in History. The idea of this was to generate electricity to desserts. This was supposed to give people jobs but it didn’t help much.

Federal Home Loan Bank-you change the contract of your mortgage to make terms better for yourself .Renegotiating terms with the bank. This is a start but DOESN’T fix the economy!!!!

Reconstruction Finance Act- Based on theory of trickle down economics, the government gives tax cuts to rich people and only rich people and the government makes loan to big businesses that are owned by the rich. The hope for this is that the rich will invest this money in hiring employees and expanding but this doesn’t happen

Franklin D. Roosevelt- Comes from a wealthy family, he was the secretary of the navy, and he is elected November 1933. He was also unfaithful to his wife who is actually his cousin.

Eleanor Roosevelt- Franklins wife. Very powerful and persuasive speaker and supported his bid to be president. She spoke about racial equality,religion, and rights for women as well as poverty. She becomes part of the United Nations

Warm Springs, GA- A place for polio patients to get PT. Teddy goes there to receive treatment in hopes to walk. When he goes there he encounters poverty,racism, and discrimination and he thinks it is awful and changes need to happen.

"Brain Trust"-Franklin calls up the best professors,economists,lawyers and judges and he gets them to all start meeting together to put together a plan to respond to the great depression

New Deal- A play on teddys idea of the square deal, He thought that the new deal should focus on improving the quality of life. He wants to create a symbiotic relationship with the people and the government. The people work hard and the government helps.

First One Hundred Days- Franklin wants to do as much as possible within the 1st 100 days. He was the first president to do this and know all the presidents have done it.

Bank Holiday- Every bank had to turn their records over to federal accountantance and he made sure that banks were credible and that the bank was making good decisions on who it loans money too.

Glass-Steagall Act- Created the FDIC

FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: insures your bank accounts if the bank goes out of business the government will cover the cost of the money that you lost

Alphabet Soup-all of the new deal programs with abbreviations are called alphabet soup

AAA- Agricultural Adjustment Act: Took farmers goods and livestock and burned it to grow the demand and make prices higher. At first they did it w/o permission and the farmers sued the gov’t so they said they will only do it at request and the farmer will receive fair compensation.

CCC-civilian conservation core: infrastructure helps society operate and they employed only men between the ages of 18-25 years old. They build parks and forests for the public to enjoy.

PWA- Public Works Administration: oversaw the building and funding for public buildings such as Library, pools,post offices,courthouses. Helped with funding and planning.

Woody Guthrie-oakie and popular singer in the 30’s. he advocates for extreme socialism in the U.S and Redistributing of land