Final Health and Wellness

Eight dimensions of wellness: Physical, Emotional, Social, Spiritual, Environmental, Intellectual, Occupational, Financial, and Cultural.

Overweight: Nonessential body fat that affects health.
Obesity: More extreme than overweight; a chronic, complex disease characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, often caused by genetics, environment, and lifestyle factors, affecting health.
Body Mass Index (BMI): A number that reflects body weight relative to height.
Visceral fat: Good fat that protects organs.

Stress: Body's physical, mental, and emotional response to a particular stressor.
Stressor: Anything that causes stress.
Acute stress: Short-term response to stress.
Chronic stress: Prolonged stress.
Two kinds of stress: - U-stress: Good stress. - Dis-stress: Bad stress.
Stages of stress response: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion.

Heart disease: Generally refers to conditions involving narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, killing approximately 425,000 people per year.

Atherosclerosis: The narrowing and hardening of the arteries.
Angina Pectoris: Crushing chest pains associated with reduced blood flow to the heart.
Arrhythmia: An abnormal heart rhythm.
Myocardial Infarction: Heart attack caused by blood flow blockage.
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): Term for strokes.
Ischemic Stroke: A stroke occurring due to blockage in blood vessels leading to the brain.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest: When the heart stops beating suddenly.
Thrombotic Stroke: Stroke caused by a clot in the brain's blood vessels.
Embolic Stroke: Stroke caused by a clot formed elsewhere in the body.
Hemorrhagic Stroke: Stroke resulting from ruptured blood vessels in the brain.

HDL Cholesterol: High-Density Lipoprotein; known as the good type of cholesterol.
LDL Cholesterol: Low-Density Lipoprotein; known as the bad type of cholesterol.

Unchangeable risks: Age, family history, gender (males), ethnicity, inflammation.
Changeable factors: Tobacco use, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity, and type 2 diabetes.

Cancer: A collection of related diseases where the body's cells divide uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues.
Malignant vs. Benign:
- Malignant: Cancerous growths that potentially spread. - Benign: Non-cancerous growths that do not spread and often do not return.
Genetic Disease: Cancer is genetic with 40% of individuals likely to be diagnosed at some point.
Cancer Mortality: Higher in men than in women.
Types of Cancer: More than 100 types exist, usually named for the organ or tissue affected.

Breast Cancer: Malignant cells form in breast tissue; most common type is ductal carcinoma. - Mammogram: An X-ray picture of the breast used for detection.
Cervical Cancer: Forms in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus.
Colorectal Cancer: Begins in the colon or rectum; the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S.
Lung Cancer: Malignant cells form in lung tissue and is the leading cause of cancer deaths for both genders. - Types: Non-small cell and small cell lung cancer.
Prostate Cancer: Malignant cells in prostate tissue; the second most common cancer among men in the U.S. - Prostate: A gland in the male reproductive system.
Skin Cancer: Most common cancer type, often found in sun-exposed areas like the face and neck.
Testicular Cancer: Symptoms include swelling or discomfort in the scrotum; health history can elevate risk.
Leukemia: Cancer of blood cells, more common in adults older than 55 and children under 15.
Lymphoma: Cancer beginning in the lymphatic system's cells, primarily Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Age, Obesity, Alcohol consumption, Diet, Hormonal factors, Sunlight exposure, Tobacco use.
Carcinogens: Substances that cause cancer, e.g., tobacco chemicals and UV radiation.

Addiction: A chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and use despite harmful consequences.

Alcohol: The most commonly used legal drug.
Cocaine: Highly addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant.
GHB: A depressant used for treating narcolepsy; causes sleep attacks.
Heroin: Opioid derived from morphine, highly addictive.
Inhalants: Solvents and gases found in household products used for their intoxicating effects.
LSD: Hallucinogenic drug derived from ergot fungus.
Marijuana: Made from Cannabis sativa; contains THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol).
MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly): Synthetic stimulant and hallucinogen.
Methamphetamine: Extremely addictive stimulant drug.
Protective Factors: Reduce the risk of developing addiction, emphasizing that more risk factors increase chances of substance abuse.

STDs: Over 35 infectious organisms transmitted primarily through sexual activity.

Chlamydia: Common STD caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
Gonorrhea: Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, affecting warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract.
Genital Herpes: Infection caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.
HIV & AIDS: HIV is the virus responsible for AIDS.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Most common STD; linked to cervical cancer risk.
Syphilis: Causative organism Treponema pallidum; transmitted through contact with sores.
Bacterial Vaginosis: Occurs when harmful bacteria levels increase, disturbing normal vaginal flora.
Trichomoniasis: Caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis; common in women.