History of Rock Music 8

Chapter Nine: Folk Music

Definition of Folk Music

  • Extension of the Term Folklore: Folk music is closely related to folklore, which is the traditional culture and beliefs of a particular community.

  • Several Definitions of Folk Music:

    1. Music of the Lower Classes: Folk music is often associated with the working class and its experiences.

    2. Old Songs: Many folk songs are so ancient that the original composers are unknown. There are generally no copyrights on these songs due to their age.

    3. Historical or Personal Events: Folk music often narrates events that could be historical, personal, or communal in nature.

    4. Political Motivation: Some folk music is driven by political themes and messages to inspire organizational efforts or resistance.

    5. Oral Transmission: Folk music is passed down orally over generations, without documentation. Examples include songs sung by ancestors that are learned through oral tradition, for instance, a great-grandfather to grandfather to father to child.

Key Contributions to Folk Music

  • Woody Guthrie:

    • Biographical Background: Born in 1912 and died in 1967; grew up in Oklahoma and Texas during the Great Depression. Leading a troubled life, he faced many tragedies, including his sister's death from an explosion and his mother's commitment to an asylum. By age 13, he was performing on the streets.

    • Music Career: Guthrie wrote over 1,000 songs and became politically active, advocating for the rights of common people

    • Most Famous Song: "This Land Is Your Land" which covers a theme of shared ownership of land.

  • The Weavers:

    • A group formed by Pete Seeger known for their politically motivated music. They added harmony to folk music and produced songs reflecting their progressive politics.

    • Notable Songs:

    • "If I Had a Hammer" - a song about social justice and change.

Rise of Folk Music in the 1960s

  • Social Consciousness:

    • During the 1960s, many listeners shifted towards folk music, which they viewed as socially aware and appealing compared to the explicit content of rock and blues. This shift was particularly noted among college students attracted to themes of social change.

  • Harry Belafonte:

    • An actor and singer influential in introducing calypso music. His song "Banana Boat Song" became widely recognized, marking a trend towards folk.

    • Notable Song: "Jamaica Farewell" which, like other folk music, features catchy melodies and simple language.

  • The Kingston Trio:

    • This trio combined traditional folk elements with a polished, clean-cut image.

    • Famous Song: "Tom Dooley," based on a historical murder, reflecting political undertones.

    • Other Popular Songs: "Where Have All the Flowers Gone," which also has political implications.

  • Peter, Paul, and Mary:

    • Known for their commercial success and harmony, they popularized several folk songs.

    • Notable Songs:

    • "Blowin' in the Wind" - written by Bob Dylan, featuring powerful political themes.

    • "Leaving on a Jet Plane" - addresses emotional themes related to farewells.

    • Controversy: Their song "Puff the Magic Dragon" was suspected to contain drug references despite their claims of it being an innocent children's story.

Joan Baez:

  • Known for her commitment to social issues and traditional folk music.

  • Notable Albums: Her second album went gold in 1961.

  • Relationship with Bob Dylan: She was romantically involved with Dylan, influencing his career.

The Influence of Bob Dylan

  • Background:

    • Born Robert Alan Zimmerman, he adopted the last name "Dylan" from poet Dylan Thomas.

    • Emerged from the University of Minnesota's coffee house scene in 1959, heavily influenced by Woody Guthrie.

  • Impact on Folk Music: His music featured complex themes, often addressing contemporary political issues like civil rights.

  • Big Break: Gained attention after a favorable New York Times review, leading to a recording contract with Columbia Records.

  • Shift to Electric Music: In 1965, Dylan began incorporating rock elements into his folk music, generating mixed responses but influencing many genres.

  • Awards:

    • Received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012.

    • Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016 for his contributions to culture and art.

Summary of Folk Music's Evolution

  • The evolution of folk music reflects societal changes, connecting personal and political themes through storytelling.

  • Cultural Impact: Folk music played a crucial role in shaping discussions about society during the 20th century, resonating with those in search of deeper messages amidst changing musical landscapes.

  • Final Notes: Folk music continues to influence various genres and artists, proving its lasting impact on cultural expression and community engagement.

  • Assignment Information: Start working on the research paper related to folk music and its implications in society.