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SECTION 1: Church & Ecclesiology
Key Vocabulary

  • Ecclesiology — Study of the Church

  • Ekklesia — Greek for "called out assembly"; Church

  • Magisterium — Official teaching authority (Pope + bishops)

  • Apostolic Succession — Authority passed from Apostles to bishops today

  • Communion of Saints — Spiritual union of faithful on earth, purgatory, heaven

Four Marks of the Church

  • One — United in belief, worship, leadership

  • Holy — Set apart by God; guided by Holy Spirit

  • Catholic — Universal; for all people

  • Apostolic — Rooted in Apostles’ teachings

Church Leadership

  • Pope — Visible head of Church; successor of St. Peter; infallible when teaching ex cathedra on faith/morals

  • Bishops — Successors of Apostles; oversee dioceses

  • Priests — Sacramental ministers; celebrate Eucharist; serve parishes

  • Deacons — Serve, preach, charitable work; many married

  • Laity — Non-ordained baptized members

Three Groups of the Church

  • Church Militant — Christians on earth

  • Church Suffering — Souls in purgatory

  • Church Triumphant — Saints in heaven

Pentecost

  • Birthday of Church

  • Holy Spirit descended on Apostles

  • 3,000 baptized

  • Symbols: wind, fire, dove

SECTION 2: Prayer & Liturgy
Key Vocabulary

  • Liturgy — Official public worship of Church

  • Celebrant — Person leading liturgy

  • Transubstantiation — Bread/wine become Body & Blood of Christ

  • Triduum — Holy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter Vigil

Liturgical Year & Colors

  • Advent — Purple; preparation for Christ

  • Christmas — White; Incarnation

  • Ordinary Time — Green; daily Church life

  • Lent — Purple; repentance/preparation for Easter

  • Easter — White; Resurrection

Holy Triduum

  • Holy Thursday → Good Friday → Easter Vigil (Holy Saturday)

Two Parts of the Mass

Liturgy of the Word

  • First Reading

  • Psalm

  • Second Reading

  • Gospel

  • Homily

  • Creed

  • Prayers of Faithful

Liturgy of the Eucharist

  • Preparation of Gifts

  • Eucharistic Prayer

  • Consecration

  • Our Father

  • Lamb of God

  • Communion

Important Terms

  • Sanctus — “Holy, Holy, Holy” prayer during Eucharist

  • Confiteor — Confession of sins at start of Mass

  • Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) — Mass in vernacular; more lay participation; Communion under both species

Forms of Prayer

  • Adoration — Praising God

  • Contrition — Asking forgiveness

  • Thanksgiving — Gratitude to God

  • Supplication — Asking for needs

  • Intercession — Praying for others

ACTS Prayer Model

  • Adoration

  • Contrition

  • Thanksgiving

  • Supplication

Methods of Prayer

  • Lectio Divina — Prayerful Scripture reading

  • Ignatian Contemplation — Imagining Gospel scenes

  • Liturgy of the Hours — Structured daily prayer

  • Contemplative Prayer — Silent resting in God’s presence

SECTION 3: The Sacraments
Key Vocabulary

  • Sacrament — Outward sign giving grace

  • Sacramental — Sacred sign preparing us for grace

  • Efficacious — Sacraments truly give grace

  • Disposition — Openness to receive grace

  • Grace — Free gift of God’s love

  • Sacred Chrism — Blessed oil used in Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Orders

The Seven Sacraments

Sacraments of Initiation
Baptism

  • Matter: water

  • Removes Original Sin

  • Permanent spiritual mark

  • Can only receive once

  • Valid even without full awareness

  • Anyone may baptize in emergency

Confirmation

  • Minister: bishop (Latin Rite)

  • Form: “Be sealed with the Gift of the Holy Spirit”

  • Matter: Sacred Chrism

Eucharist

  • “Source and summit” of Christian life

  • Means “thanksgiving”

  • Matter: wheat bread + grape wine

  • Increases union with Christ and Church

Sacraments of Healing
Reconciliation

  • Forgives mortal + venial sins

  • Requires contrition, confession, satisfaction

Anointing of the Sick

  • Minister: priest/bishop

  • Laying on of hands + oil

  • Can receive multiple times

Sacraments at the Service of Communion
Holy Orders

  • Three levels: deacon, priest, bishop

  • Matter: laying on of hands + oil

Matrimony

  • Ministers are spouses

  • Requires free consent

  • Must be open to life

Baptismal Symbols

  • Water — Cleansing/rebirth

  • White Garment — Purity/new life

  • Candle — Light of Christ

  • Chrism — Priest, prophet, king

  • Baptismal Font — Womb of Church/new life

SECTION 4: Church History
Important Events & Councils

  • Pentecost

    • Beginning/birthday of Church

    • Holy Spirit descends on Apostles

  • Council of Jerusalem

    • Gentiles do not need full Jewish law

  • St. Peter & St. Paul

    • Martyred in Rome under Nero

  • St. Perpetua & St. Felicity

    • Early Christian women martyrs in Carthage

  • Edict of Milan (313 AD)

    • Constantine legalized Christianity

  • Council of Nicaea (325 AD)

    • Jesus consubstantial with Father (fully God)

  • St. Jerome

    • Translated Bible into Latin (Vulgate)

  • Council of Chalcedon

    • Jesus fully human + fully divine

  • Great Schism (1054)

    • Split between Catholic & Orthodox Churches

    • Causes: papal authority + Filioque clause

  • Crusades

    • Military efforts to reclaim Holy Land

  • Martin Luther / Protestant Reformation (1517)

    • Posted 95 Theses

    • Began Protestant Reformation

  • Council of Trent

    • Catholic response to Reformation

    • Reaffirmed seven sacraments

  • Jesuits

    • Founded in 1500s

    • Defended faith

    • Educated youth

    • Missionary work

  • Second Vatican Council (1962–1965)

    • Church dialogue with modern world

    • Liturgical reforms

Mary

  • Theotokos — “God-bearer”; mother of Jesus

  • Immaculate Conception — Mary conceived without Original Sin

  • Annunciation — Gabriel invites Mary to be mother of Jesus

  • Intercession — Mary prays for us

Key Terms

  • Covenant — Sacred agreement

  • Martyr — Dies for Christ

  • Vocation — God’s call in life

SECTION 5: Morality & Catholic Social Teaching
Key Vocabulary

  • Free Will — Ability to choose/reject God

  • Mortal Sin — Serious sin; breaks relationship with God

  • Venial Sin — Lesser sin; weakens relationship with God

  • Human Dignity — God-given value of every person

Three Elements of a Moral Act

  • Object — What you do

  • Intention — Why you do it

  • Circumstance — Context/situation

Greatest Commandment

  • Love God above all

  • Love neighbor as yourself

Beatitudes

  • Jesus’ teaching in Sermon on Mount

  • “Blessed are the poor in spirit” = dependence on God

Catholic Social Teaching (CST) Key Themes

  • Life & Dignity of Human Person — Life sacred from conception to natural death

  • Call to Family, Community, Participation — Family central to society

  • Rights & Responsibilities — Everyone has rights + duties

  • Option for Poor & Vulnerable — Prioritize suffering people

  • Dignity of Work & Rights of Workers — Workers deserve justice

  • Solidarity — Humanity is one family

  • Care for God’s Creation — Protect environment

Image & Likeness of God

  • Humans can love, reason, choose

  • Basis of human dignity

  • Makes humans different from animals