Initial Restorative Questions to Persons Involved

• Ask each person/s who caused harm - NAME(S)

  • “We’ll start with…”
  • “What happened?”
  • “What were you thinking about at the time?”
  • “What have you thought about since the incident?”
  • “Who do you think has been affected by your actions?”
  • “In what way(s)?” (list individually and impact)

• Ask each person/s harmed - NAME(S)

  • “What was your reaction at the time of the incident?”
  • “How do you feel about what happened?”
  • “What has been the hardest thing for you?”
  • “How did your family and friends (or colleagues) react when they heard about the incident?”

• Ask the support person of the person/s who were harmed - NAME(S)

  • “What did you think when you heard about the incident?”
  • “How do you feel about what happened?”
  • “What has been the hardest thing for you?”
  • “What do you think the main issues are?”

• Ask Support person of person who caused harm - NAME(S)

  • “This has been very difficult for you, hasn’t it? Would you like to tell us about it?”
  • Ask all support people in this category these questions:
  • “What did you think when you heard about the incident?”
  • “How do you feel about what happened?”
  • “What has been the hardest thing for you?”
  • “What do you think are the main issues?”

• Turn to person/s who caused harm - NAME(S)

  • “NAME(S), is there anything you want to say at this time before we move to the agreement phase of the conference?”

Reaching an Agreement

• Ask Person/s who were harmed:
  • “What would you like from today’s conference?”
• Ask Person who caused harm to respond:
  • “What do you think about that?”

Historical Context and Events: The War of 1812

• James Madison

  • 4th President of the U.S.
  • Neutral stance during conflicts.

• Export/Import Definitions

  • Export: Sending goods out of a country.
  • Import: Bringing goods into a country.

• Impressment

  • The act of kidnapping and forcing sailors from one country to serve in another country’s navy.

• Tecumseh

  • Shawnee chief who united various Native American groups and warned them about settlement dangers.

• War Hawks

  • Advocated for war against Britain, viewing it as a means to assert national dignity and halt British influence with Native Americans.

Historical Background on War Avoidance Pre-War of 1812

• Reasons First Three Presidents Avoided Conflict
  • America was still paying off debt.
  • Military limitations: a small navy and army.
  • Weak diplomatic relationships with other countries.

Merchant Trade and Neutrality Violations

• British and French Conflict's Impact on Trade
  • Both governments enacted laws preventing American merchants from trading, heightening tensions.

Conflict in Northwest Territory

• Settler Expansion
  • Settlers encroached on Native lands with British support, as Britain supplied weapons to Native Americans to slow U.S. expansion.

War Hawks vs. Federalists

• War Hawks' Views

  • They perceived war as necessary due to persistent British insults and sought to limit British influence over Native Americans and target Canada for land expansion.

• Federalists' Opposition to War

  • Sought to renew business ties with Britain, fearing unpreparedness against Britain's military strength and ability to produce war supplies.

Perspective Influences and War Outcomes

• Factors Affecting Viewpoints on War

  • Personal background
  • Regional differences
  • Economic interests

• Timeline of the War of 1812

  • Duration: 1812-1814, involving the U.S. against Britain.

• U.S. Military Reality

  • Limited manufacturing capabilities and a small, inexperienced army resulted in a poor initial war strategy.

Notable Ships and Strategies

• USS Constitution

  • Oldest ship still afloat, victorious against British naval forces.

• British Blockades

  • Effectively cut off U.S. supplies and trade, causing economic hardships by 1813.

Consequences of the War of 1812

• Humiliation of Washington, D.C. Burning

  • Notable as the only foreign occupation of a U.S. capital.

• Post-War Battles' Impact

  • Fort McHenry and New Orleans battles revitalized U.S. national spirit and pride.

• Treaty of Ghent Outcomes

  • Restored pre-war boundaries, no territorial changes.

Effects of the War of 1812

• Increase in National Pride

  • Established a stronger military and manufacturing base within the U.S.

• James Monroe's Presidency

  • Era of Good Feelings characterized by domestic peace and prosperity post-war.

• Tariff Impact

  • Tariffs on imported goods strengthened U.S. manufacturing by making foreign products more expensive.

Transportation Improvements and Economic Progress

• Development of Infrastructure
  • Roads and waterways like the Erie Canal improved trade efficiency and economic growth.

Effects on American Culture

• Rise of National Identity
  • Enhanced American expression in literature, art, music, and other cultural domains post-war.

The Monroe Doctrine

• Monroe Doctrine Overview
  • U.S. would not interfere in European affairs and warned against future colonization attempts in the Americas.

Jacksonian Democracy

• Definition

  • Belief that the common man should govern and be active within the political realm.

• Kitchen Cabinet

  • Informal group of political advisors helping Jackson with decision-making.

Significance of Monroe Doctrine

• Key Points
  • States U.S. non-interference in European affairs.
  • Recognizes existing European colonies.
  • Opposes colonization in the Western Hemisphere.

Rise of Andrew Jackson and Democracy

• Jackson's Appeal to Common People

  • Hailing from humble beginnings and promoting broader political participation for the working class.

• Spoils System

  • Granting government positions to political supporters, leading to patronage practices.

Controversies of Jackson's Presidency

• Nullification

  • Right to reject laws considered unconstitutional or unjust.

• Indian Removal Act of 1830

  • Mandated relocation of Native Americans, leading to widespread suffering during the Trail of Tears.

Regional Differences in Views on Tariffs

• Northern Support for Tariffs

  • Tariffs benefitted manufacturers by lowering foreign competition.

• Southern Opposition

  • Southern states feared tariffs would diminish cotton sales and increase costs on manufactured goods.

Trail of Tears Impact

• Forced Relocation of Native Americans
  • Approximately 7,000 soldiers enforced the movement of Cherokee, resulting in high mortality rates during the 800-mile trek. Most Native Americans lost land and possessions in this process.

Jackson: Hero vs. King Andrew

• Hero of Common Man

  • Advocated for rights of white, non-landowning men, portraying himself as a champion of democracy.

• King Andrew Critique

  • Accusations of abusing power, expanding the executive branch's authority, and implementing policies detrimental to Native Americans and the political landscape of the country.