PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY & FRUCTOSE UTILIZATION IN THE LIVER

h

E1: binds any amino acid

leucine → alpha-ketoisocaproate + O2 → HMB (+ CO2)→ HMG-CoA → cholesterol

Ribose 5P - also starting material for purines (though primarily salvage pathway used b/c biosynthesis is expensive)

NADPH (red blood cells) - 1 million hemoglobin, 4 million O2 molecules but what if O2- (superoxide)

Compartmentalization- Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell, usually surrounded by a single or double lipid layer membrane. These compartments are often, but not always, defined as membrane-bound organelles

microtubules bind to proteins making docked pathways - no laws of mass action

liver - glucokinase and takes fructose into glucose/various byproducts

utilisation of fructose bypasses PFK1 → enhance fatty acid production

UDP-galactose