2nd Reading: Philippine History

Philippines Overview

  • Officially known as the Republic of the Philippines.

  • Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

  • Three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.

History

  • From Greek "historia," meaning inquiry.

  • Records of events, living conditions, dreams, and failures.

  • Origin, growth, and contributions of a nation from past to present.

Government and Constitution

  • Government: Agency carrying out the will of the people.

  • Constitution: Fundamental law establishing government character and principles.

  • Describes government organization, functions, and limitations.

Types and Divisions of History

  • Types: Written and Unwritten.

  • Divisions: Ancient, Medieval, Modernizing, Modern.

Importance of Studying History

  • Avoid repeating past mistakes.

  • Appreciate achievements and contributions.

  • Construct a holistic picture of the country’s development.

  • Re-evaluate scientific thinking.

Early Filipino Relations

  • Influenced by Chinese, Indians, and Arabs.

Filipino Common Traits

  • Good: Hospitality, pakikisama, close family ties, respect for elders, gratitude.

  • Bad: Gambling, extravagance, mañana habit, lack of discipline, crab mentality.

Pre-Colonial Period

  • Social classes: nobles (maharlika), freemen (timawa), slaves (alipin).

  • Clothing: men (kanggan and bahag), women (baro/camisa and saya).

  • Settlements: nipa hut, tree top, boat houses.

  • Marriage customs: dowry (bigay-kaya).

  • Grounds for divorce: adultery, desertion, cruelty.

  • Ornaments: kalumbiga (gold), tattoing/tattoo/pintados (bravery and beauty).

  • Government: barangay headed by datu.

  • Umalohokan: public announcer.

  • Magic Charms: gayuma (love potion), agimat/anting-anting (amulet).

  • Religious Beliefs: life after death, Bathala (superior God), anito (images).

  • Burial: Laraw, Morotal, Maglahi, Pasiyam.

  • Economic Life: agriculture, fishing, mining, weaving.

  • Music and Literature: songs, dances, riddles, legends.

The Coming of Islam

  • Key Figures: Allah, Mohammed (prophet).

  • Holy Book: Koran/Quran.

  • Believers: Moros/Moslems/Muslim.

  • Muslim Missionaries: Mahdum, Rajah Baginda, Abu Bakar, Sarip Kabungsuwan.

Spanish Period (1565-1898)

  • Significance: 3 G’s - God, Gold, Glory.

  • Ferdinand Magellan: arrival on March 16, 1521.

  • 1st circumnavigation of the earth.

  • Philippine existence known to Europe.

  • Evils of Spanish Colonization: polo/force labor, racial discrimination, frailocracy, encomienda system.

  • Filipino revolts: Tamblot, Dagohoy, Diego/Gabriela Silang, and nationwide revolts (August 26, 1896 Cry of Balintawak/Cry of Pugadlawin).

  • Philippine Struggle for Independence: June 12, 1898 (1st Philippine Independence from Spain), July 4, 1946.

  • Birth of the Philippine Republic: 1st Republic - January 23, 1899, 2nd Republic - October 14, 1943, 3rd Republic - July 4, 1946, 5th Republic – 1986 to present.