Cognitive Psychology - Intelligence Summary

Intelligence Definition

• Ability to learn, solve problems, and adapt.

Historical Context

• 120 years of research; tests assess mental aptitudes.

Intelligence and Success

• Intelligence (0.6) and grit/conscientiousness (0.3) correlate with success.

Brain Structure and Intelligence

• No link between brain size and intelligence; related to frontal/parietal lobe size/activity.

Types of Intelligence

• Crystallized: Uses knowledge; increases with age.

• Fluid: Natural problem-solving; declines after early adulthood.

Spearman's General Intelligence (g)

• General factor underlies abilities; factor analysis shows performance trends.

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

• Intelligence is diverse; cognitive abilities can be individually impaired.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory

• Three intelligences: 1. Analytical: Clear solutions. 2. Creative: Novel responses. 3. Practical: Everyday tasks.

Goleman's Emotional Intelligence

• Involves understanding/managing emotions:

  • Perceiving: Recognizing emotions.

  • Understanding: Predicting behavior.

  • Managing: Regulating emotions.

  • Using: Applying emotions creatively.

Cultural Differences in Intelligence

• Varies by culture: West values mastery; East values harmony.