Biological Control Management

Suggested use of a template for creating consistent labels.
- Font size is indicated to be six or seven point.
- Printing with grid lines recommended for neat cutting.
Emphasis on the benefits of using this label template to streamline label-making process.

Homework two was posted recently.
- Many questions have been previously discussed in lectures.
- Purpose of homework: preparation for quiz two.
Due date for homework two: October 3.
- Early submissions encouraged for feedback.
- Plans to schedule future homework submissions three to five days prior to quizzes.
Quiz two scheduled for October 3 (next Friday).
First exam is planned for October 10.
Insect collection due dates:
- Midway check was previously noted as October 8 (handout).
- Syllabus lists it as October 17; adhering to syllabus date.
- Midterm check for the insect collection due October 17.
- Students encouraged to bring collections in before the deadline, with grading provided for those with 25 properly preserved insects.
Upcoming midterm practical scheduled for October 20.
Note of fall break on October 13 and 14.

EPNs are nematodes that infect insects, distinct from soil-dwelling, beneficial nematodes.
Focus on biological control strategies utilizing EPNs to combat pest insects.
“Mutualistic relationship” with certain bacteria enhances nematode effectiveness.
EPN life cycle includes:
- Egg stage
- Four juvenile stages
- Adult stage
Significant genera include:
- Steinernema: Targets pests like boll weevil larvae and cutworms.
- Heterorhabditis: Typically larger, more active and effective against soil insects.
- Specificity in targeting specific insect species is noted for both genera.

Doctor Kopen Hofer's research on EPNs, noting specificity to various insect targets.
EPNs exhibit