Propaganda The use of communication techniques that create emotional appeal either visually or verbally to project an opinion. Bandwagon Suggestion to think or act as others Loaded Words Words with heavy positive or negative connotations that stir feelings. Testimonial Public figure or celebrity that promotes/endorses a product, person, or policy. Name-calling Giving someone a bad label by using an n easy name or symbol (Calling out the name of the other product). Plain folks Convince the audience that they are prominent people and their ideas are for the people. Misuse of statistics Refers to manipulating statistical data to make a biased impression. Used to support an agenda or a viewpoint. Transfer A device in which the ad links the authority of a symbol to give that respectively to a person. Card Stacking Stress the positives only, not the negatives (only giving part of the story). Repetition Repeating words so they imprint Ad hominem (Against the Man) Attack on a person directly rather than the argument itself Ad populum Fallacious argument that utilizes popularity as a reason to accept it. Begging the Question The argument that already issues the claim is true (type of circular reasoning) Circular Reasoning The fallacious argument that restates an argument without proving Goes in circle Already assumes their claim False Analogy Misleading comparison in an argument Hasty Generalization A conclusion, or claim, that is based on lack of evidence (rush to conc). Non-Sequitur Occurs when the conclusion does not follow its premises. Post hoc ergo propter hoc Occurs when it is assumed that one thing is the cause of another in a sequence. Red Herring Utilizes diversion to lead people away from the real issue. People will oppose arguments rather than address them, leading to a false conclusion. Slippery Slope Argues that events will eventually happen without examples or evidence (steps intentionally left out). Straw Man Someone oversimplifies or misrepresents another argument to make it easier to attack.