Major Bones

Thoracic Cage

• Composed of three main structures:
  • Ribs
  • Sternum
  • Thoracic vertebrae

Vertebral Column

• Structure supporting the torso and head.

Anterior View of the Skeleton

• Highlights the following bones:
  • Skull
  • Comprises cranial and facial bones.
  • Clavicle
  • Also known as the collarbone, connecting the arms to the body.
  • Scapula
  • Also called the shoulder blade, providing attachment for many muscles.
  • Sternum
  • The breastbone, located at the front of the rib cage.
  • Ribs
  • Protects the thoracic cavity and supports the rib cage.
  • Humerus
  • The bone of the upper arm, between shoulder and elbow.
  • Vertebra
  • Individual bones that make up the vertebral column.
  • Radius
  • One of the two long bones in the forearm; located on the thumb side.
  • Ulna
  • The other long bone of the forearm; located on the side opposite the thumb.
  • Carpals
  • Eight small bones that make up the wrist.
  • Phalanges
  • Bones of the fingers and toes.
  • Metacarpals
  • The bones in the hand between the carpals and phalanges.
  • Femur
  • The thigh bone, the longest bone in the body.
  • Patella
  • Also known as the kneecap.
  • Tibia
  • The shinbone, the larger of the two bones in the lower leg.
  • Fibula
  • The smaller bone of the lower leg, located alongside the tibia.

Posterior View of the Skeleton

• Shows various bones such as:
  • Cranium
  • Protects the brain and forms the skull.
  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  • Rib
  • Humerus
  • Vertebra
  • Radius
  • Ulna
• Additional structures are:
  • Pelvic girdle
  • Comprising bones that support the attachment of the lower limbs.
  • Bones of the pectoral girdle
  • Supporting structures for the upper limbs.
  • Lower limb bones
  • Include femur, tibia, and fibula.
  • Upper limb bones
  • Include humerus, radius, and ulna.