Comprehensive Guide to Japanese Syllabaries: Hiragana and Katakana

Official Resources and References for Japanese Syllables

  • NHK WORLD-JAPAN provides comprehensive digital resources to assist learners with the correct pronunciation of the Japanese syllabaries.
  • Hiragana Resources: Detailed guides and audio for Hiragana can be accessed at: https://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/en/letters/hiragana.html
  • Katakana Resources: Detailed guides and audio for Katakana can be accessed at: https://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/en/letters/katakana.html
  • General Lessons: For additional Japanese language learning content, visit: https://www.nhk.or.jp/lesson/en/
  • Copyright Attribution: All instructional materials are copyrighted by NHK WORLD-JAPAN.

The Hiragana Syllabary

  • Primary Vowels and Consonant Clusters:

    • a (あ), i (い), u (う), e (あ), o (あ)
    • ka (か), ki (き), ku (く), ke (け), ko (こ)
    • sa (さ), shi (し), su (す), se (せ), so (そ)
    • ta (た), chi (ち), tsu (つ), te (て), to (と)
    • na (な), ni (に), nu (ぬ), ne (ね), no (の)
    • ha (は), hi (ひ), fu (ふ), he (へ), ho (ほ)
    • ma (ま), mi (み), mu (む), me (め), mo (も)
    • ya (や), yu (ゆ), yo (よ)
    • ra (ら), ri (り), ru (る), re (れ), ro (ろ)
    • wa (わ), wo (を), n (ん)
  • Voiced Sounds (Dakuten) and P-Sounds (Handakuten):

    • ga group: ga, gi, gu, ge, go
    • za group: za, ji (じ), zu (ず), ze (ぜ), zo (そ)
    • ba group: ba, bi, bu, be, bo
    • pa group: pa, pi, pu, pe, po
  • Contracted Hiragana (YŁon):

    • k-series: kya, kyu, kyo
    • g-series: gya, gyu, gyo
    • s-series: sha (しゃ), shu (しゅ), sho (しょ)
    • j-series: ja (じゃ), ju (じゅ), jo (じょ)
    • c-series: cha (ちゃ), chu (ちゅ), cho (ちゃ)
    • n-series: nya, nyu, nyo
    • h-series: hya, hyu, hyo
    • b-series: bya (びゃ), byu (びゅ), byo (びょ)
    • p-series: pya (ぴゃ), pyu (ぴゅ), pyo (ぴょ)
    • m-series: mya, myu, myo
    • r-series: rya, ryu, ryo

The Katakana Syllabary

  • Primary Vowels and Consonants:

    • a (〢), i (〤), u (〦), e (〨), o (〪)
    • ka (〫), ki (〭), ku (〯), ke (〱), ko (〳)
    • sa (〴), shi (〷), su (〹), se (〻), so (〽)
    • ta (〿), chi (ぁ), tsu (ぃ), te (ぅ), to (ぇ)
    • na (お), ni (が), nu (ぎ), ne (ぐ), no (げ)
    • ha (ご), hi (し), fu (ず), he (そ), ho (だ)
    • ma (つ), mi (で), mu (な), me (ね), mo (ば)
    • ya (ぴ), yu (ぶ), yo (へ)
    • ra (ほ), ri (ぽ), ru (む), re (ゃ), ro (ゆ)
    • wa (わ), n (ン)
  • Voiced Sounds (Dakuten) and P-Sounds (Handakuten):

    • ga group: ga, gi, gu, ge, go
    • za group: za, ji (ジ), zu (ズ), ze (ゼ), zo (ゾ)
    • da group: da, ji (ヂ), zu (ヅ), de (デ), do (ド)
    • ba group: ba, bi, bu, be, bo
    • pa group: pa, pi, pu, pe, po
  • Contracted Katakana (YŁon):

    • k-series: kya, kyu, kyo
    • g-series: gya, gyu, gyo
    • s-series: sha (シャ), shu (シュ), sho (ショ)
    • j-series: ja (ジャ), ju (ジュ), jo (ジョ)
    • c-series: cha (チャ), chu (チュ), cho (チョ)
    • n-series: nya, nyu, nyo
    • h-series: hya, hyu, hyo
    • b-series: bya, byu, byo
    • p-series: pya, pyu, pyo
    • m-series: mya, myu, myo
    • r-series: rya, ryu, ryo

Document Data and Annotations

  • Numerical Identifiers and Page Markers:
    • The transcript references specific page numbers: 156156, 157157, 158158, and 159159.
    • Miscellaneous numerical sequences mentioned: 9898, 8989.
    • Instructional directional notations: "1→" and "2" are used in the context of Katakana (likely referring to stroke order).
  • Visual/Textual Elements:
    • The transcript includes Japanese textual fragments such as "〻ール!!" (Sale!!) and onomatopoeia like "(サラサラ" (sara-sara).
    • Specific character renderings like "〢〤〦〨〪〭〫少劈ゴ" appear within the Katakana overview section.