Basics of Organizational Behavior

ALL UG COURSES EXCEPT B.COM. (HONS.) AND B.COM. (PROGRAMME)

Basics of Organizational Behavior is a generic elective course in Semester IV with 4 credits.
The course content is based on UGCF-2022 and the National Education Policy 2020.

Organizations are social systems run by people. Business organizations combine men, money, machinery, material, and management (5 M’s), with management (people) being crucial.
Understanding human behavior is significant for managers to effectively manage people and achieve organizational goals.
Managers need to understand:
Why people behave as they do at work.
What influences people’s behavior at work.

Mooney and Reiley: Organization is the form of human association for attaining common objectives.
Talcott Parsons: Organization is a social unit deliberately constructed and reconstructed to seek specific goals.
Wheeler: Internal organization is the structural framework of duties and responsibilities required of personnel. It's a blueprint for action to achieve company management goals.

Group of interrelated individuals: Organizations consist of interconnected people.
Attainment of common goals: Organizations are formed to achieve common goals.
Coordination: Coordination among employees and departments facilitates goal achievement, avoiding delays and confusions.
Delegation of work: Organizations have a hierarchy with different responsibilities and a central authority.
Performance: Organizations aim to achieve goals through effective performance and human resource development.

Clarity at the Workplace: Clarifies business operations, fosters accountability, and establishes a clear chain of command.
Optimum Utilization of Resources: Efficient use of financial and human resources, preventing waste.
Encourages Creativity: Stimulates employee innovation through task delegation and clear job duties.
Brings Stability: Effective leadership, cooperation, and communication promote workplace stability.
Personal Growth: Supports human development, delegation, and training, enhancing individual and organizational success.

Study of individual behavior in isolation, in groups, and as members of an organization.
Influenced by personality, perception, learning, attitude, motivation, job satisfaction, leadership, norms, values, and ethics.
Understanding an individual’s background, social context, and influences is essential for anticipating behavior.
Effective organizational culture can alter individual behavior.
Davis and Newstram: Organizational behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people act within organizations.
K Aswathappa: OB is the study of human behavior in an organizational setting, the interface between human behavior and organization, and of the organization itself.

Traced to Max Weber and organizational research.
Industrial Revolution: New production methods, organizational structures, and demands.
Max Weber: Bureaucracy as the ideal form of organization based on rational-legal principles.
Scientific Management and Taylorism (1890s): Development of organizational behavior studies.
Human Relations Movement (1930s-1950s): Contributions from Elton Mayo, Chester Barnard, Henri Fayol, and others.
1960s-1970s: Increased quantitative analysis, resource dependence, and informal organizational structure.
1980s: Study of organizational change and cultural explanations.
Multidisciplinary Field: Aims to understand how people behave in organizational situations.

Collecting and interpreting data to guide behavior.
Measuring organizational success by employee job performance and satisfaction.
Focusing on productivity, quality, and reducing absenteeism and turnover.
Developing a positive organizational work culture.
Coordinating individual and team efforts to achieve corporate goals.
Establishing an appropriate workplace culture and effective leadership.
Considering elements like benchmarking, re-engineering, job re-design, and empowerment.

Independent: A multi- and interdisciplinary field.
Multidisciplinary: Uses knowledge from psychology, sociology, and anthropology.
Focused: Addresses organizational issues related to human behavior.
Normative Science: Prescribes socially acceptable goals.
Human Approach: People have a natural urge for autonomy and creative expression.
System Approach: Analyzes human behavior in a socio-psychological framework.

Management involves planning, organizing, and decision-making.
Organizational behavior plays a crucial role in management by affecting groups, individuals, and organizational structure.

Management is necessary for businesses and organizations for planning and decision-making.

Planning: Systematic approach to making decisions.
Organizing: Defining, arranging, and coordinating work.
Staffing: Recruiting, training, and evaluating employees.
Directing: Leading, communicating, and supervising employees.
Controlling: Setting standards, measuring performance, and taking corrective action.

Understanding the relationship between an organization and its employees.
Motivating Employees: Using various motivational tactics according to individual needs.
Improving Industrial Relations: Identifying and managing problems to improve labor relations.
Effective Use of Human Resources: Inspiring and motivating staff members.
Predicting Human Behavior: Increasing productivity and profitability.

Challenges include workforce diversity, changing demographics, globalization, and the need for quality.

Work-force Diversity: Accommodating diverse groups of people at the workplace by addressing their lifestyles, cultural moorings, family needs, and work styles.
Changing Demographics of Workforce: Managing increasing numbers of women, young workers, and dual-income households.
Changing Employee Expectations: Meeting expectations for empowerment, equality, and quality of work-life.
Ever Expanding Globalization: Managing a diverse global workforce and adapting management styles across different cultures.
Towards Improving Quality: Delivering quality products and services through Total Quality Management (TQM).