Vital Statistics and Fertility Indicators Notes

Vital Statistics and Fertility Indicators

Crude Birth Rate Calculation

• Data:

  • Mid-year population: 65000

  • Total number of live births: 2100

• Formula:
  $Crude Birth Rate = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Births}{Mid \, Year \, Population} \times 1000$

• Calculation:
  $Crude Birth Rate = \frac{2100}{65000} \times 1000 = 32.3 \, per \, 1000$

Crude Death Rate Calculation

• Data:

  • Mid-year population: 65000

  • Total number of deaths: 1050

• Formula:
  $Crude Death Rate = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Deaths}{Mid \, Year \, Population} \times 1000$

• Calculation:
  $Crude Death Rate = \frac{1050}{65000} \times 1000 = 16.15 \, deaths \, per \, 1000 \, mid-year \, population$

Infant Mortality Rate Calculation

• Data:

  • Total number of infant deaths: 180

  • Total number of live births: 2100

• Formula:
  $Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Infant \, Deaths}{Total \, No. \, of \, Live \, Births} \times 1000$

• Calculation:
  $Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{180}{2100} \times 1000 = 85.7 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births$

Example Data and Calculations for the Year 2014

• Data:

  • Mid-year population: 34000

  • Total live births: 890

  • Total maternal deaths: 2

  • Total infant deaths: 60

  • Number of women in 15-44 yrs age group: 7900

• Crude Birth Rate:
  $Crude \, Birth \, Rate = \frac{890}{34000} \times 1000 = 26.17 \, per \, 1000 \, mid-year \, population$

• Maternal Mortality Ratio
  $Maternal \, Mortality \, Ratio = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Maternal \, Deaths}{No. \, of \, Live \, Births} \times 1000$

  $Maternal \, Mortality \, Ratio = \frac{2}{890} \times 1000 = 2.24 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births$

• Infant Mortality Rate:
  $Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Infant \, Deaths}{No. \, of \, Live \, Births} \times 1000$

  $Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{60}{890} \times 1000 = 67.4 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births$

Mortality Indices Calculation

• Data:

  • Mid-year Population = 60000

  • Total live births = 1050

  • Total deaths = 405

  • Deaths from birth to 28 days (Neonatal Deaths) = 20

  • Deaths from 28 days to 1 year (Post-Neonatal Deaths) = 65

Calculations:

• Neonatal Mortality Rate:

  $Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Deaths \, from \, Birth \, to \, 28 \, Days}{Total \, No. \, of \, Live \, Births} \times 1000$

  $Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{20}{1050} \times 1000 = 19.04 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births$

• Post-Neonatal Mortality Rate:

  $Post-Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Post-Neonatal \, Deaths}{Total \, No. \, of \, Live \, Births} \times 1000$

  $Post-Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{65}{1050} \times 1000 = 61.90 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births$

• Infant Mortality Rate:

  Infant mortality rate is calculated as the total number of infant deaths per 1000 live births.

  $Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{85}{1050} \times 1000 = 80.95 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births$

• Crude Birth Rate:

  $Crude \, Birth \, Rate = \frac{1050}{60000} \times 1000 = 17.5 \, per \, 1000 \, mid-year \, population$

• Crude Death Rate:

  $Crude \, Death \, Rate = \frac{405}{60000} \times 1000 = 6.75 \, per \, 1000 \, mid-year \, population$

City Population and Rate Calculations

• Data from a City:

  • Mid-year population in 2020: 90000

  • Crude Birth Rate: 24 per 1000

  • Crude Death Rate: 10 per 1000

  • Maternal Mortality Ratio: 50 per 1000 live births

  • Infant Mortality Rate: 80 per 1000 live births

Calculations:

• Number of Live Births:
  $24 = \frac{x}{90000} \times 1000$

  $x = \frac{24 \times 90000}{1000} = 2160$

• Number of Deaths:
  $10 = \frac{y}{90000} \times 1000$

  $y = \frac{10 \times 90000}{1000} = 900$

• Number of Maternal Deaths:
  $50 = \frac{z}{2160} \times 1000$

  $z = \frac{50 \times 2160}{1000} = 108$

• Number of Infant Deaths:
  $80 = \frac{w}{2160} \times 1000$

  $w = \frac{80 \times 2160}{1000} = 173$

• Growth Rate:
  $Growth \, Rate = Crude \, Birth \, Rate - Crude \, Death \, Rate$

  $Growth \, Rate = 24 - 10 = 14 \, per \, thousand$

Kanaswadi Primary Health Centre Data (2020)

• Data:

  • Mid-year population: 130000

  • Total live births: 3200

  • Early neonatal deaths: 64

  • Late neonatal deaths: 61

  • Post-neonatal deaths: 121

  • Total maternal deaths: 135

Calculations:

• Crude Birth Rate:

  $Crude \, Birth \, Rate = \frac{3200}{130000} \times 1000 = 24.6 \, per \, thousand \, mid-year \, population$

• Infant Mortality Rate:

  $Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{64 + 61 + 121}{3200} \times 1000 = \frac{246}{3200} \times 1000 = 76.8 \, per \, thousand \, live \, births$

• Maternal Mortality Ratio:

  $Maternal \, Mortality \, Ratio = \frac{135}{3200} \times 1000 = 42.1 \, per \, thousand \, live \, births$

• Early Neonatal Mortality Rate:

  $Early \, Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{64}{3200} \times 1000 = 20 \, per \, thousand \, live \, births$

• Late Neonatal Mortality Rate:

  $Late \, Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{61}{3200} \times 1000 = 19.06 \, per \, thousand \, live \, births$

• Post-Neonatal Mortality Rate:

  $Post-Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{121}{3200} \times 1000 = 37.81 \, per \, thousand \, live \, births$

Vital Events and TB Case Calculations in a Town

• Data:

  • Census population in 2001: 25000

  • Census population in 2011: 30000

  • New cases of TB: 30

  • Old cases of TB: 70

  • Deaths due to TB: 35

Calculations:

• Mid-Year Population for 2008:

  • n = 10 (years between 2001 and 2011)

  • d = 2008 - 2011 = -3

  $Population \, in \, 2008 = P<em>2 - \frac{(P</em>2 - P_1) \times d}{n} = 30000 - \frac{(30000 - 25000) \times (-3)}{10} = 28333$

• Incidence Rate of TB in 2008:

  $Incidence \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, New \, Cases \, of \, TB}{Population \, at \, Risk} \times 1000 = \frac{30}{28333} \times 1000 = 1.058 \, per \, thousand \, population$

• Prevalence of TB in 2008:

  $Prevalence = \frac{All \, Current \, Cases \, of \, TB}{Estimated \, Population} \times 1000 = \frac{(70 + 30)}{28333} \times 1000 = 3.53 \, per \, thousand \, [0.35\%]$

• Cause-Specific Death Rate:

  $Cause-Specific \, Death \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Deaths \, due \, to \, TB}{Mid-Year \, Population} \times 1000 = \frac{35}{28333} \times 1000 = 1.23 \, per \, thousand \, mid-year \, population$

• Case Fatality Rate:

  $Case \, Fatality \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Deaths \, due \, to \, TB}{Total \, No. \, of \, Cases \, of \, TB} \times 100 = \frac{35}{100} \times 100 = 35 \%$

Hadinam PHC Fertility Calculations

• Data:

  • Mid-year population: 38000

  • Number of women in reproductive age (15-44 years): 10100

  • Distribution of live births by age group:

    • 15-24: 455

    • 25-34: 315

    • 35-44: 210

Calculations:

• Crude Birth Rate:

  $Crude \, Birth \, Rate = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Live \, Births}{Mid-Year \, Population} \times 1000 = \frac{980}{38000} \times 1000 = 25.78 \, per \, thousand$

• General Fertility Rate:

  $General \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Live \, Births \, in \, the \, Year}{Mid-Year \, Female \, Population \, (15-44 \, yrs)} \times 1000$

  $General \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{980}{10100} \times 1000 = 97.02 \, per \, thousand \, women$

• Age-Specific Fertility Rates:

  • 15-24 years:

    $Age-Specific \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Live \, Births \, in \, 15-24 \, Age \, Group}{Mid-Year \, Female \, Population \, of \, 15-24 \, Age \, Group} \times 1000$

    $Age-Specific \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{455}{3500} \times 1000 = 130 \, per \, thousand \, women$

  • 25-34 years:

    $Age-Specific \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{315}{3700} \times 1000 = 85.13 \, per \, thousand \, women$

  • 35-44 years:

    $Age-Specific \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{210}{2900} \times 1000 = 72.41 \, per \, thousand \, women$

• Total Fertility Rate:

  $Total \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{\sum \, Age-Specific \, Fertility \, Rates}{1000} \times Age \, Interval$

  Assuming an age interval of 10 years:

  $Total \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{130 + 85.13 + 72.41}{1000} \times 10 = 2.87$

PHC Centre Data and Fertility Rates

• Data:

  • Population: 50,000

  • Number of women (15-44): 7,000

  • Live births in the past year:

    • Age 15-24: 820

    • Age 25-34: 350

    • Age 35-44: 140

Calculations:

• Crude Birth Rate (CBR):

  $CBR = (Total \, Live \, Births / Mid-year \, Population) * 1000$

  $CBR = (1310 / 50000) * 1000 = 26.2 \, per \, thousand \, population$

• General Fertility Rate (GFR):

  $GFR = (Total \, Live \, Births / Number \, of \, Women \, Aged \, 15-44) * 1000$

  $GFR = (1310 / 7000) * 1000 = 187.14 \, per \, thousand \, women$

• Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFR):

  • Age 15-24:

    $ASFR = (Live \, Births \, in \, 15-24 \, Age \, Group / Women \, in \, 15-24 \, Age \, Group) * 1000$

    $ASFR = (820 / 2600) * 1000 = 315.38 \, per \, thousand \, women$

  • Age 25-34:

    $ASFR = (350 / 2500) * 1000 = 140 \, per \, thousand \, women$

  • Age 35-44:

    $ASFR = (140 / 1900) * 1000 = 73.6 \, per \, thousand \, women$

• Total Fertility Rate (TFR):

  $TFR = \sum (ASFR) * Age \, Interval / 1000$

  Assuming a 10-year age interval:

  $TFR = (315.38 + 140 + 73.6) * 10 / 1000$

  $TFR = 5.289$

Calculations of Fertility and Reproduction Rates

• Data:

  • Age-specific data for women and live births:

    • 15-19 years: 250 women, 12 live births

    • 20-24 years: 450 women, 95 live births

    • 25-29 years: 425 women, 75 live births

    • 30-34 years: 400 women, 40 live births

    • 35-39 years: 240 women, 15 live births

    • 40-44 years: 200 women, 5 live births

• Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFR):

  • 15-19 years: $\frac{12}{250} \times 1000 = 48 \, per \, thousand \, women$

  • 20-24 years: $\frac{95}{450} \times 1000 = 211.11 \, per \, thousand \, women$

  • 25-29 years: $\frac{75}{425} \times 1000 = 176.47 \, per \, thousand \, women$

  • 30-34 years: $\frac{40}{400} \times 1000 = 100 \, per \, thousand \, women$

  • 35-39 years: $\frac{15}{240} \times 1000 = 62.5 \, per \, thousand \, women$

  • 40-44 years: $\frac{5}{200} \times 1000 = 25 \, per \, thousand \, women$

• Total Fertility Rate (TFR):

  $TFR = \frac{\sum ASFR \times Age \, Interval}{1000}$

  Using an age interval of 5 years:

  $TFR = \frac{(48 + 211.11 + 176.47 + 100 + 62.5 + 25) \times 5}{1000} = \frac{623.08 \times 5}{1000} = 3.115$

• Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR):

  $GRR = TFR \times Sex \, Ratio \,(Female \, Births) \, assuming \, 1:1 \, sex \, ratio$

  $GRR = 3.115 \times \frac{1}{2} = 1.56$

Contraceptive Use and Effectiveness

• Pearl Index Calculation:

  • 100 couples used a contraceptive method for 2 years.

  • 20 accidental pregnancies occurred.

  $Pearl \, Index = \frac{Total \, Accidental \, Pregnancies \times 1200}{Total \, Months \, of \, Exposure}$

  $Pearl \, Index = \frac{20 \times 1200}{100 \, couples \times 24 \, months} = \frac{24000}{2400} = 10 \, per \, Hundred \, Women \, Years \, of \, Exposure$

• Effective Couple Protection Rate:

  • Village data:

    • Eligible couples: 180

    • Vasectomy users: 3

    • Tubectomy users: 8

    • IUD users: 10

    • Oral pill users: 10

    • Condom users: 29

  • Effectiveness:

    • Sterilization (Vasectomy & Tubectomy): 100%

    • IUD: 95%

    • Oral pills: 100%

    • Condoms: 50%

  • Calculation:

    $Couple \, Protection \, Rate = \frac{(3 + 8 + 9.5 + 10 + 14.5)}{180} \times 100 = \frac{45}{180} \times 100 = 25\%$