Vital Statistics and Fertility Indicators Notes
Vital Statistics and Fertility Indicators
Crude Birth Rate Calculation
Data:
Mid-year population: 65000
Total number of live births: 2100
Formula:
Crude Birth Rate = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Births}{Mid \, Year \, Population} \times 1000Calculation:
Crude Birth Rate = \frac{2100}{65000} \times 1000 = 32.3 \, per \, 1000
Crude Death Rate Calculation
Data:
Mid-year population: 65000
Total number of deaths: 1050
Formula:
Crude Death Rate = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Deaths}{Mid \, Year \, Population} \times 1000Calculation:
Crude Death Rate = \frac{1050}{65000} \times 1000 = 16.15 \, deaths \, per \, 1000 \, mid-year \, population
Infant Mortality Rate Calculation
Data:
Total number of infant deaths: 180
Total number of live births: 2100
Formula:
Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Infant \, Deaths}{Total \, No. \, of \, Live \, Births} \times 1000Calculation:
Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{180}{2100} \times 1000 = 85.7 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births
Example Data and Calculations for the Year 2014
Data:
Mid-year population: 34000
Total live births: 890
Total maternal deaths: 2
Total infant deaths: 60
Number of women in 15-44 yrs age group: 7900
Crude Birth Rate:
Crude \, Birth \, Rate = \frac{890}{34000} \times 1000 = 26.17 \, per \, 1000 \, mid-year \, populationMaternal Mortality Ratio
Maternal \, Mortality \, Ratio = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Maternal \, Deaths}{No. \, of \, Live \, Births} \times 1000Maternal \, Mortality \, Ratio = \frac{2}{890} \times 1000 = 2.24 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births
Infant Mortality Rate:
Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Infant \, Deaths}{No. \, of \, Live \, Births} \times 1000Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{60}{890} \times 1000 = 67.4 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births
Mortality Indices Calculation
Data:
Mid-year Population = 60000
Total live births = 1050
Total deaths = 405
Deaths from birth to 28 days (Neonatal Deaths) = 20
Deaths from 28 days to 1 year (Post-Neonatal Deaths) = 65
Calculations:
Neonatal Mortality Rate:
Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Deaths \, from \, Birth \, to \, 28 \, Days}{Total \, No. \, of \, Live \, Births} \times 1000
Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{20}{1050} \times 1000 = 19.04 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births
Post-Neonatal Mortality Rate:
Post-Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Post-Neonatal \, Deaths}{Total \, No. \, of \, Live \, Births} \times 1000
Post-Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{65}{1050} \times 1000 = 61.90 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births
Infant Mortality Rate:
Infant mortality rate is calculated as the total number of infant deaths per 1000 live births.
Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{85}{1050} \times 1000 = 80.95 \, per \, 1000 \, live \, births
Crude Birth Rate:
Crude \, Birth \, Rate = \frac{1050}{60000} \times 1000 = 17.5 \, per \, 1000 \, mid-year \, population
Crude Death Rate:
Crude \, Death \, Rate = \frac{405}{60000} \times 1000 = 6.75 \, per \, 1000 \, mid-year \, population
City Population and Rate Calculations
Data from a City:
Mid-year population in 2020: 90000
Crude Birth Rate: 24 per 1000
Crude Death Rate: 10 per 1000
Maternal Mortality Ratio: 50 per 1000 live births
Infant Mortality Rate: 80 per 1000 live births
Calculations:
Number of Live Births:
24 = \frac{x}{90000} \times 1000x = \frac{24 \times 90000}{1000} = 2160
Number of Deaths:
10 = \frac{y}{90000} \times 1000y = \frac{10 \times 90000}{1000} = 900
Number of Maternal Deaths:
50 = \frac{z}{2160} \times 1000z = \frac{50 \times 2160}{1000} = 108
Number of Infant Deaths:
80 = \frac{w}{2160} \times 1000w = \frac{80 \times 2160}{1000} = 173
Growth Rate:
Growth \, Rate = Crude \, Birth \, Rate - Crude \, Death \, RateGrowth \, Rate = 24 - 10 = 14 \, per \, thousand
Kanaswadi Primary Health Centre Data (2020)
Data:
Mid-year population: 130000
Total live births: 3200
Early neonatal deaths: 64
Late neonatal deaths: 61
Post-neonatal deaths: 121
Total maternal deaths: 135
Calculations:
Crude Birth Rate:
Crude \, Birth \, Rate = \frac{3200}{130000} \times 1000 = 24.6 \, per \, thousand \, mid-year \, population
Infant Mortality Rate:
Infant \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{64 + 61 + 121}{3200} \times 1000 = \frac{246}{3200} \times 1000 = 76.8 \, per \, thousand \, live \, births
Maternal Mortality Ratio:
Maternal \, Mortality \, Ratio = \frac{135}{3200} \times 1000 = 42.1 \, per \, thousand \, live \, births
Early Neonatal Mortality Rate:
Early \, Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{64}{3200} \times 1000 = 20 \, per \, thousand \, live \, births
Late Neonatal Mortality Rate:
Late \, Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{61}{3200} \times 1000 = 19.06 \, per \, thousand \, live \, births
Post-Neonatal Mortality Rate:
Post-Neonatal \, Mortality \, Rate = \frac{121}{3200} \times 1000 = 37.81 \, per \, thousand \, live \, births
Vital Events and TB Case Calculations in a Town
Data:
Census population in 2001: 25000
Census population in 2011: 30000
New cases of TB: 30
Old cases of TB: 70
Deaths due to TB: 35
Calculations:
Mid-Year Population for 2008:
n = 10 (years between 2001 and 2011)
d = 2008 - 2011 = -3
Population \, in \, 2008 = P2 - \frac{(P2 - P_1) \times d}{n} = 30000 - \frac{(30000 - 25000) \times (-3)}{10} = 28333
Incidence Rate of TB in 2008:
Incidence \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, New \, Cases \, of \, TB}{Population \, at \, Risk} \times 1000 = \frac{30}{28333} \times 1000 = 1.058 \, per \, thousand \, population
Prevalence of TB in 2008:
Prevalence = \frac{All \, Current \, Cases \, of \, TB}{Estimated \, Population} \times 1000 = \frac{(70 + 30)}{28333} \times 1000 = 3.53 \, per \, thousand \, [0.35\%]
Cause-Specific Death Rate:
Cause-Specific \, Death \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Deaths \, due \, to \, TB}{Mid-Year \, Population} \times 1000 = \frac{35}{28333} \times 1000 = 1.23 \, per \, thousand \, mid-year \, population
Case Fatality Rate:
Case \, Fatality \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Deaths \, due \, to \, TB}{Total \, No. \, of \, Cases \, of \, TB} \times 100 = \frac{35}{100} \times 100 = 35 \%
Hadinam PHC Fertility Calculations
Data:
Mid-year population: 38000
Number of women in reproductive age (15-44 years): 10100
Distribution of live births by age group:
15-24: 455
25-34: 315
35-44: 210
Calculations:
Crude Birth Rate:
Crude \, Birth \, Rate = \frac{Total \, No. \, of \, Live \, Births}{Mid-Year \, Population} \times 1000 = \frac{980}{38000} \times 1000 = 25.78 \, per \, thousand
General Fertility Rate:
General \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Live \, Births \, in \, the \, Year}{Mid-Year \, Female \, Population \, (15-44 \, yrs)} \times 1000
General \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{980}{10100} \times 1000 = 97.02 \, per \, thousand \, women
Age-Specific Fertility Rates:
15-24 years:
Age-Specific \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{No. \, of \, Live \, Births \, in \, 15-24 \, Age \, Group}{Mid-Year \, Female \, Population \, of \, 15-24 \, Age \, Group} \times 1000
Age-Specific \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{455}{3500} \times 1000 = 130 \, per \, thousand \, women
25-34 years:
Age-Specific \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{315}{3700} \times 1000 = 85.13 \, per \, thousand \, women
35-44 years:
Age-Specific \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{210}{2900} \times 1000 = 72.41 \, per \, thousand \, women
Total Fertility Rate:
Total \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{\sum \, Age-Specific \, Fertility \, Rates}{1000} \times Age \, Interval
Assuming an age interval of 10 years:
Total \, Fertility \, Rate = \frac{130 + 85.13 + 72.41}{1000} \times 10 = 2.87
PHC Centre Data and Fertility Rates
Data:
Population: 50,000
Number of women (15-44): 7,000
Live births in the past year:
Age 15-24: 820
Age 25-34: 350
Age 35-44: 140
Calculations:
Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
CBR = (Total \, Live \, Births / Mid-year \, Population) * 1000
CBR = (1310 / 50000) * 1000 = 26.2 \, per \, thousand \, population
General Fertility Rate (GFR):
GFR = (Total \, Live \, Births / Number \, of \, Women \, Aged \, 15-44) * 1000
GFR = (1310 / 7000) * 1000 = 187.14 \, per \, thousand \, women
Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFR):
Age 15-24:
ASFR = (Live \, Births \, in \, 15-24 \, Age \, Group / Women \, in \, 15-24 \, Age \, Group) * 1000
ASFR = (820 / 2600) * 1000 = 315.38 \, per \, thousand \, women
Age 25-34:
ASFR = (350 / 2500) * 1000 = 140 \, per \, thousand \, women
Age 35-44:
ASFR = (140 / 1900) * 1000 = 73.6 \, per \, thousand \, women
Total Fertility Rate (TFR):
TFR = \sum (ASFR) * Age \, Interval / 1000
Assuming a 10-year age interval:
TFR = (315.38 + 140 + 73.6) * 10 / 1000
TFR = 5.289
Calculations of Fertility and Reproduction Rates
Data:
Age-specific data for women and live births:
15-19 years: 250 women, 12 live births
20-24 years: 450 women, 95 live births
25-29 years: 425 women, 75 live births
30-34 years: 400 women, 40 live births
35-39 years: 240 women, 15 live births
40-44 years: 200 women, 5 live births
Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFR):
15-19 years: \frac{12}{250} \times 1000 = 48 \, per \, thousand \, women
20-24 years: \frac{95}{450} \times 1000 = 211.11 \, per \, thousand \, women
25-29 years: \frac{75}{425} \times 1000 = 176.47 \, per \, thousand \, women
30-34 years: \frac{40}{400} \times 1000 = 100 \, per \, thousand \, women
35-39 years: \frac{15}{240} \times 1000 = 62.5 \, per \, thousand \, women
40-44 years: \frac{5}{200} \times 1000 = 25 \, per \, thousand \, women
Total Fertility Rate (TFR):
TFR = \frac{\sum ASFR \times Age \, Interval}{1000}
Using an age interval of 5 years:
TFR = \frac{(48 + 211.11 + 176.47 + 100 + 62.5 + 25) \times 5}{1000} = \frac{623.08 \times 5}{1000} = 3.115
Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR):
GRR = TFR \times Sex \, Ratio \,(Female \, Births) \, assuming \, 1:1 \, sex \, ratio
GRR = 3.115 \times \frac{1}{2} = 1.56
Contraceptive Use and Effectiveness
Pearl Index Calculation:
100 couples used a contraceptive method for 2 years.
20 accidental pregnancies occurred.
Pearl \, Index = \frac{Total \, Accidental \, Pregnancies \times 1200}{Total \, Months \, of \, Exposure}
Pearl \, Index = \frac{20 \times 1200}{100 \, couples \times 24 \, months} = \frac{24000}{2400} = 10 \, per \, Hundred \, Women \, Years \, of \, Exposure
Effective Couple Protection Rate:
Village data:
Eligible couples: 180
Vasectomy users: 3
Tubectomy users: 8
IUD users: 10
Oral pill users: 10
Condom users: 29
Effectiveness:
Sterilization (Vasectomy & Tubectomy): 100%
IUD: 95%
Oral pills: 100%
Condoms: 50%
Calculation:
Couple \, Protection \, Rate = \frac{(3 + 8 + 9.5 + 10 + 14.5)}{180} \times 100 = \frac{45}{180} \times 100 = 25\%