Arab-Israeli Conflict Quiz Review

Jerusalem: Defined as a city that is important to both Isreal and Palestine.
Islamism/Islamist: Refers to those who wanted to create their own state.
Israel/Palestine: Described as rivals; both groups desired to be independent States.
Zionism: A movement characterized by the migration of Jews to a Jewish Homeland in Israel.
Arab: Defined as a person who comes from arabic culture.
Anti-semitism: Defined as hatred directed towards Jewish people.
diaspora: A group of people living outside their homeland who continue to practice their culture.
Holocaust: The systematic extermination of Jewish people perpetrated by Hitler.
Pograms: Defined as a radically motivated group.

Sykes-Picot agreement: A secret agreement established between the British and France to split the Middle East.
Balfour Declaration: An official statement supporting the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
McMahon: Letters in which the British suggested that Arabs could gain independence.
British Mandate: The historical period during which the British maintained control over Palestine.
1947 UN partition plan: The formal plan outlining how Palestine would be split.
UN resolution 242: A resolution stating that territories should not be gained through war and that Israel should withdraw from its territories.
Camp David Accords: An agreement where Egypt supported Israel as a State.
Oslo Accords: An agreement in which Isreal and Palestine formally recognize each other.

Six Day War ( $1967$ ): * Cause: Egypt blocked access to waterways. * Outcome: Isreale gained more land.
Yom Kippur War: * Summary: Egypt and Syria launched an attack on Israel. * Outcome: The conflict caused very little change to the existing borders.
Intifada: * First Intifada: Caused by an Israel vehicle killing Palestinians; led to the founding of Hamas. * Second Intifada: Described as much more violent than the first; caused by Palestinian protests over the Temple Mount.

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization): An organization that sought to create a united group for Palestinians.
Hamas: A Palestinian political organization founded during the first Intifada.
Fatah/Palestinian Authority: A major Palestinian political group.
Irgun: A Jewish militant underground group.

Anwar Sadat: The Egyption President who ended fighting through the Camp David Accords.
Yitzhak Rabin: The Israel prime minister who signed the Oslo accords and was later assassinated.
Mahmoud Abbas: The Palestinian Leader who succeeded Arafat.
Benjamin Netanyahu: The prime minister who promised security in Israel.
Begin: Notable for signing the Camp David Accords.
Sharon: Known for the Disengagement plan, which involved the removal of Israeli settlers from the Gaza strip.
Theodore Herzl: A Jew who argued for the necessity of Jews creating their own state.
Vladimir: Identified as the leader of the Revisionist Zionists.
Davin Ben-Gurion: Recognized as Israel's first prime minister.
Gamal Abdel Nasser: The president of Egypt who took control of the Suez Canal.
Yasser Arafat: The Palestinian leader of Fatah.

Occupied territories: Includes the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, and Gaza Strip.
Gaza Strip: Located by the Meditteranian Sea.
The Wall/barrier: Also referred to as the Green line; the boundary sepperating Isreal and its territories.
Settlements/enclaves: Pertains to Jewish settlers and their established communities in the territories.

Assyria’s Middle Kingdom: Located in southwest Asia.
Middle East as a Cultural Crossroads: This designation developed primarily due to the region's geographical location.
Governance and Culture: * Muslim rule of conquered territories was historically characterized by the toleration of members of other cultures. * The Ottoman Empire rose to power by defeating Mongol invaders. * Scientific achievements during the Muslim Golden Age were facilitated by the cultural diersity accepted by many Islamic Governments. * During the Golden Age of Moslem culture, scholars were encouraged to preserve and expand upon ancient Greek and Roman learning.
Modern Conflicts and Influences: * Conflict between traditional culture and Westernization in the Middle East has resulted in the growth of religious fundamentalism. * Modern Israel's cultural development has been greatly influenced by the talmud.
Religious Diversity: * The Church of the Holy Spulchre, Dome of the Rock, and Western Wall are symbols of the cultural diversity within the Middle East. * Significant religious and political differences exist among various Islamic sects. * Differing religious beliefs have historically been a source of conflict in the region.