Purposive Communication Notes

Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics

Communication is a fundamental aspect of human interaction, facilitating the sharing of thoughts and feelings through verbal and non-verbal means. It is a meaning-making process that requires a channel or medium to occur, stemming from the Latin word "communicare," which means to share or make common.

The key components of communication include:

  • Source: The sender who crafts the message.

  • Message: The meaning conveyed in various forms (e.g., poems, symbols).

  • Channel: The means by which the message is transmitted (e.g., phone, letter).

  • Receiver: The recipient of the message.

  • Feedback: The response that confirms understanding.

  • Environment: The physical and emotional context of the communication.

  • Context: The shared understanding and expectations of the sender and receiver.

  • Interference: Barriers that impede effective communication, including psychological, physical, linguistic, cultural, and mechanical obstacles.

Effective communication is guided by several principles:

  1. Clarity: Using understandable language, avoiding jargon.

  2. Concreteness: Supporting messages with facts and data.

  3. Courtesy: Being polite and respectful.

  4. Correctness: Ensuring grammatical accuracy.

  5. Consideration: Tailoring messages to the audience.

  6. Creativity: Crafting interesting and engaging messages.

  7. Conciseness: Being direct and avoiding unnecessary words.

  8. Cultural sensitivity: Respecting diverse cultures and lifestyles.

  9. Captivating: Making messages interesting to command attention.

Ethical Considerations in Communication:

  • Respecting the audience.

  • Considering the consequences of communication.

  • Valuing truth.

  • Using information accurately.

  • Avoiding falsification.Communication and Globalization

Globalization involves communication and assimilation among individuals, ethnicities, races, institutions, and governments of various nations, supported by technology and compelled by international trade.

Key aspects include:

  • Global Communication: Instant contact across the world becoming the norm.

  • Cultural Barriers: Challenges arising from cultural relativism, lack of knowledge, discrimination, and language differences.

Strategies for effective global communication involve:

  • Reviewing communication principles.

  • Analyzing the receiver's message.

  • Being open to and accepting of other cultures.

Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Settings

In a globalized world, intercultural competence which emphasizes understanding and respecting cultural differences is essential for harmonious interactions.

Key concepts:
Global Community: Nations closely connected through telecommunications and interdependence.
Globalization: The easy movement of people and goods across borders.
Cultural Awareness: Knowing that different cultures have different attitudes and outlooks.
Cultural Sensitivity: Accepting those differences without insisting your own culture is better.
Multicultural: A society that contains several cultural or ethnic groups.
Cross-cultural: Deals with the comparison of different cultures.
Intercultural: Describes communities in which there is a deep understanding and respect for all cultures.

Forms of intercultural communication:

  • Interracial communication.

  • Interethnic communication.

  • International communication.

  • Intracultural communication.

Improving intercultural communication involves:

  • Recognizing different communication styles.

  • Eliminating biases and prejudices.

  • Acquiring necessary communication skills.

Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language

Language variety refers to specific linguistic items associated with external factors such as geographical area or social group. Registers refer to varieties of language closely associated with particular situations or specialty of language use.

Varieties of spoken language include:

  • Pidgin: A new language that develops when speakers of different languages need to communicate.

  • Creole: A pidgin that becomes the first language of a community.

  • Regional Dialect: A variety of a language spoken in a particular area.

  • Minority Dialect: A variety used by a minority ethnic group as a marker of identity.

  • Indigenized Variety: Spoken mainly as second languages in ex-colonies.

Functions of Written Language:

  • Records keeping.

  • Trading with owning property and taxation.

  • Studying scientific and astronomical knowledge.

  • Performing Ceremonial and religious activities.

  • Appreciating literature.

Registers in Spoken and Written Language:

  • Frozen: Static language used in formal settings (e.g., prayers).

  • Formal: Impersonal style avoiding slang (e.g. academic speeches).

  • Consultative: Used when consulting an expert (e.g., doctor).

  • Casual: Conversational tone between friends (e.g., slang).

  • Intimate: Language used by lovers, avoided in public.
    Eight Different Domains in which Language Varies:

  1. Local everyday written.

  2. Local everyday oral.

  3. Local specialized written.

  4. Local specialized oral.

  5. Global everyday written.

  6. Global everyday oral.

  7. Global specialized written.

  8. Global specialized oral.

Evaluating Messages

Evaluating messages involves analyzing elements and their functions to understand the intended meaning, considering cultural influences and assessing simplicity, specificity, structure, and stickiness.

Strategies for Evaluating Messages:

  • Simplicity: Ensuring the purpose and core message are clear.

  • Specificity: Using concrete and precise language.

  • Structure: Organizing ideas logically.
    Questions to consider include:

  • How is the message conveyed?

  • What beliefs support the message?

  • To what extent the impact of a message is felt?

Communication Aids and Strategies using Tools of Technology

Effective communication combines technology and goals in teaching. To succeed with technology in communication, you must first know A. Characteristics of Multimedia Presentations and B. Steps in Making Effective Multimedia Presentations.

Multimedia Presentations:

Multimedia presentations are visually oriented and displayed on a monitor or projected onto a screen. They allow users to use different modalities such as:
*text
*graphics
*photographs
*audio
animation
*videoSpecial features of computer-based presentations

Steps in Making Effective Multimedia Presentations:

Know the purpose of the presentationK
ow the audienceG
ather informationU
se a variety of resourcesOrganize the informationC
heck technical issuesB
e creativeUse transitions and animations to add interestb
ut don’t overdo it!

Vlogging

Vlogging derives from video blog or video log, it has been a trending platform individuals, organizations, and companies to sell and market products.