Overview of Human Body Systems
Skeletal System
- Functions: Protects body organs, provides muscle attachment sites, forms blood cells, and stores minerals.
- Structures: Cartilages, bones, joints, tendons, and ligaments.
Muscular System
- Functions: Locomotion, posture, and feet.
- Structures: Cardiac muscles, smooth muscle (lining visceral organs), and skeletal muscles (connected to bones).
Nervous System
- Functions: Serves as a control system that responds to internal and external changes, and activates glands and muscles.
- Divisions: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PKNS).
Endocrine System
- Functions: Secretes hormones for growth (cell growth and cell multiplication), reproduction, and metabolism.
- Structures: Pancreas, ovaries, testes, and glands (including adrenal glands, thyroid glands, pineal glands, and pituitary glands).
Cardiovascular System
- Structures: Heart and blood vessels.
- Blood Vessel Types: Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
Lymphatic System
- Structures: Lymph nodes and lymph vessels.
- Functions: Returns blood to vessels, disposes of debris, destroys bacteria and tumor cells, and spreads cancer.
Respiratory System
- Structures: Nasal cavity, nose, throat, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, and right and left lungs.
- Functions: Supplies the body with O2 and eliminates CO2.
Digestive System
- Structures: Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
- Functions: Breaks down food into liquid and solid forms, absorbs nutrients through the liquid part, and eliminates waste through the solid part.
Urinary System
- Structures: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
- Functions: Eliminates liquid waste, maintains acid-base balance, and regulates water and electrolytes in the blood.
Reproductive System
- Structures: Ovaries and testes.
- Functions: Reproduction.