Copy of Darsh zzstu Shah - Unit 4 Terms

Unit 4 Terms

Term	Details	HAPP
turnpikes/National Road	Turnpikes were built in 1790s and connected Philadelphia with rich farmlands in Lancaster. National Road was a highway that went from Maryland to Illinois	Turnpikes led to most civilians getting angry with the polls for the use of roads. The roads helped with trading and lots of resources and goods being transported across states.
Erie Canal	This was a canal in New York in 1825 and connected outside New york into the Great Lakes region.	The Erie Canal led to major economic growth as the Great lakes were opened up to major trade and lots of states started getting resources only grown in great lakes region.
steamboats	This a boat that runs on a steam engine and it was built by Robert Fulton to travel through any major body of Water.	This was tested when they had a successful voyage up the Hudson River the Clermont. Round-trips were made cheaper and the time it took to travel was much lower.
Corporations	These were businesses that helped with raising capital and New york passed a law for a business to become a corporation by selling shares of stocks.	This soon led on to other states doing the same and owners only risked the money they invested in a venture.
railroads	This was a mode of transportation for trains to travel on which started in the late 1820s. They competed with canals and other modes of transportation.	Railroads changed small western towns into booming commercial centers and these towns were Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit and Chicago.
Samuel Slater	Samuel slater was the man who adapted the factory system into america by stealing blueprints from foreign countries and bringing it to America.	The first ever US textile factory was made out of his stolen blueprints in 1981 and out of this the factory system emerged.
Lowell System	This was a system that recruited young farm women and housed them in companies for them to work.	Many factories initiated this system and got many workers. The role of women also changed with more having a more engaging and physical role rather than just teaching.
unions	These were unions for trade organized in major cities and increased in number as the factory system took hold. The main goal for unions was to reduce workdays to 10 hrs.	Unions had many problems such as immigrants replacing workers, state laws outlawing them and economic depressions with many citizens unemployed.
Commonwealth v. Hunt	This was a massachusetts supreme court victory for organized labor when the court ruled that “peaceful” unions had the right to negotiate labor contracts.	This led to north establishing 10 hr workdays for industrial workers but it was still limited by depressions, and immigrant labor.
The Marshall Court	A supreme court of power where the main official is John Marshall.	This led to many precedents being set which state the law such as Commonwealth v. Hunt.
Immigration- from where?	Irish, Germans and English folks immigrated due to many problems in their homeland like movements or food like potatoes.	The Irish stayed in the east mainly in factories while the Germans went west and south for agriculture and slaves.
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge	This was when a public bridge was built over a private bridge in which tolls were placed.	The precedent set was that the public interest overweights the interest of any private corporation.
Worcester v. Georgia	This was set that Georgia had no force inside the Cherokee Terrritory.	This came from the Cherokee Nation v. Georgia in which it was set that the Cherokee were not a foreign nation.
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia	This set a precedent that Cherokees were not a foreign nation and had a right to sue in federal court.	This came from the Indian Removal Act in which many American Indians had to resettle.
Know-Nothing Party	This was a political party with people that supported Andrew Jackson and hated immigrants.	This started hate for immigrants blaming them for jobs and them also not being catholic.
Panic of 1819	This was the first major financial panic since the Constition and happened after the Second Bank tried to control inflation.	As a result of this nationalistic beliefs were shaken. Many westerners called for land reform and strong opposition to the national bank.
Election of 1824 / "Corrupt Bargain"	This was an election that had 4 candidates which were John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford and Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay and John Adams tried to work together.	Andrew Jackson’s supporters called the alliance of Clay and Adams a corrupt bargain.
Tariff of Abominations	This was a tariff that was on imports to protect the baby industries of America from the foreign goods.	This led to Southerners getting angry due to it satisfying the northern manufacturers and alienating the souther planters.This also led to the Nullification Crisis in 1828
Age of the Common Man / Jacksonian Democracy	This was an age when Andrew Jackson was president and was also known as Age of the Common Man because Andrew Jackson was following the common man ideals.	This led to many bills getting vetoed in the name of the common man and the creation of the Kitchen cabinet.
Spoils System	This was a system made by Andrew Jackson that stated that any loyal Democrat could be holder for a federal job	This led to any common man getting a job in the white house but also wealthy bribing to be placed in a federal job.
John Calhoun	John C. Calhoun was the vice president of Andrew Jackson.	He had resigned from his position due to the Peggy Eaton affair which angered Calhoun.
Nullification	This was a theory made by John C. Calhoun in which states could decide whether or not they wanted to obey federal laws.	This led to the Webster-Hayne debate in which Webster fought for the rights of states while Hayne fought against the rights.
Peggy Eaton Affair	This was an affair where Jackson had tried the wives of Cabinet members to accept Peggy Eaton socially causing most of the cabinet to resign.	This also led to John C. Calhoun resigning and Martin Van Buren being chosen for the vice president of Jackson’s second term.
Webster-Hayne Debate	This was a debate following the nullification crisis in which the rights of the states was debated by Webster and Hayne.	This led to Jackson declaring that the Federal Union must be preserved and then Calhoun responding with the Union must be next to their liberties.
Maysville Road veto	This was when Andrew Jackson had vetoed the construction of the Maysville road in Kentucky due to it being the homestate of Henry Clay.	This led to many thinking that he is abusing his presidential power .
Indian Removal Act	This was an act that forced many American Indians into resettling and looking for new homes.	This eventually led to the Cherokee v. Georgia and Worchester V. Georgia which both fought for and came out in victory with the American Indians.
Trail of Tears	This was when the U.S army had forced 15,000 cherokees to leave Georgia causing the death of 4,000 cherokees.	This came from Cherokee v. Georgia and Worchester V. Georgia when John Marshall set a precedent which the president still did not follow.
"pet banks"	These were various state banks that Jackson’s critics called pet banks.	This came from when Jackson atttacked the bank by withdrawing all the federal funds and transferred them to these “pet banks.
Whig Party	These were supporters of the Henry Clay and brought back the ideals of Federalist Party	They promoted economic growth, spending funds for internal improvements such as roads, canals and harbors.
Martin Van Buren	He was president following Jackson but previously was Jackson’s vice president for his second term.	He caused the trail of tears and had to bear through the Panic of 1837.
Distribution Act	Martin Van Buren distributed funds to states to stop inflation but they instead they had spent it on internal improvements.	They wanted to decrease inflation by distributing money to the states but it severerly failed.
Specie Circular	This was an order to check inflationary trend by issued a presidential order which required all future purchases of federlands be made in gold and silver.	This caused banknotes to lose their value and land sales plummeted
Panic of 1837	Due to many of the actions of Jackson, there was a lot of inflation and the banknotes lost their value.	One of the causes of this was the Specie Circular which caused banknotes to lost their value.
Independent Treasury Act	This act directed government funds to “pet banks” and not the national banks	This was to decrease chances of inflation and put less money to be circulated.
Log Cabin Campaign	This was a campaign to show William Henry Harrison’s humble beginnings by putting log cabins on wheels and parading them down streets. They also passed out cider for voters to drink.	Following this, 78% of eligible voters cast their ballots with 53% of popular vote going to Harrison and John Tyler
John Tyler	He was a former states’ rights democrat who joined the whigs and was also running.	He became first vice president to succeed to presidency and started to veto the Whigs’ national bank bills and favored democrats.