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Hypothalamus – a region of the forebrain below the thalamus which coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary.

Thalamus –a region of the forebrain located just above the brain stem between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain, which relaysmotor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex.

Association fibers – axons that connect cortical areas within the same cerebral hemisphere

Projection fibers – efferent and afferent fibers uniting the cortex with the lower parts of the brain and with the spinal cord and brainstem.

Commissural fibers – axons that connect the two hemispheres of the brain

Basal ganglia – a group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in regulation and coordination of movement (action selection)

Amygdala – a mass of gray matter inside each cerebral hemisphere, involved with the experiencing of emotions (e.g., fear and anxiety) and emotional memory.

Hippocampus – subcortical structure of the limbic system that appears involved in learning and consolidation of short-term to long-term memory.

Limbic system – a complex system of structures in the brain, concerned with emotional regulation and memory