Respi medterm

Adenoids - Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils

Alveoli - The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration (singular: alveolus); an alveolus, in general, is a small hollow or cavity; the term also applies to the bony socket for a tooth

bronchiole - One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes (root: bronchiol/o)

Bronchus - One of the larger air passageways in the lungs, the bronchi begin as two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs (plural: bronchi) (root: bronch/o)

carbon dioxide (CO2) - A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs An acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water; H2CO3

compliance - A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure; compliance is reduced in many types of respiratory disorders

diaphragm - The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration (root phren/o)

Epiglottis - A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea

expectoration  - The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released; sputum

expiration - The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation

glottis - The opening between the vocal folds

hemoglobin- The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

inspiration – The act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation

larynx  - The enlarged, superior portion of the trachea that contains the vocal folds (root: laryngo)

lingual tonsils - Small mounds of lymphoid tissue at the posterior of the tongue

lung - A cone-shaped, spongy respiratory organ contained within the thorax (roots: pneum/o, pulm/o)

mediastinum -  The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space

nose - The organ of the face used for breathing and housing receptors for the sense of smell; includes an extemal portion and an internal nasal cavity (roots: nas/o, rhin/o)

oxygen -  The gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism

palatine tonsils - The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx; usually meant when the term tonsils is used alone

 pharynx - The throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx (root: pharyng/o)

phrenic nerve - The nerve that activates the diaphragm (root: phrenic/o)

pleura - A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covers the lungs (visceral pleura) (root: pleur/o)

pleural space -  The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura; pleural cavity

pulmonary ventilation - The movement of air into and out of the lungs

sinus - A cavity or channel; the paranasal sinuses are located near the nose and drain into the nasal cavity

sputum - The substance released by coughing or clearing the throat, expectoration; it may contain a variety of materials from the respiratory tract

surfactant - A substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion

trachea - The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi (root: trache/o)

turbinate bones - The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell; also called conchae (KON-ke) (singular: concha [KON-kah])

vocal folds  Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production; also called vocal cords

Streptococcus pneumoniae  - Most common cause of pneumonia; streptococcal pneumonia

Haemophilus influenzae - Pneumonia, especially in debilitated patients

Klebsiella pneumoniae - Pneumonia in elderly and debilitated patients

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Mild pneumonia, usually in young adults and children; "walking pneumonia

Legionella pneumophila -  Legionellosis (Legionnaire disease); respiratory disease spread through water sources, such as air conditioners, pools, humidifiers

Chlamydia psittaci - Psittacosis (ornithosis); carried by birds

Streptococcus pyogenes - "Strep throat," scarlet fever

Mycobacterium tuberculosis -  Tuberculosis

Bordetella pertussis - Pertussis (whooping cough)

Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Diphtheria

Rhinoviruses - Major cause of common cold; also caused by coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and others

Influenzavirus - Influenza

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - Common cause of respiratory disease in infants

SARS coronavirus - Severe acute respiratory syndrome; highly infectious disease that appeared in 2003 and spreads from small mammals to humans

Hantavirus - Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS); spread by inhalation of virus released from dried rodent droppings

Histoplasma capsulatum - Histoplasmosis; spread by airborne spores

Coccidioides immitis  - Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever, San Joaquin fever); found in dry, alkaline soils

Blastomyces dermatitidis - Blastomycosis; rare but often fatal fungal disease

Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly carinii)  - Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP); seen in immunocompromised hosts

tidal volume (TV) residual volume (RV)- amount of air breathed into or out of the lungs in quiet, relaxed breathing amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation

expiratory reserve volume (ERV) - amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) - amount of air that can be inhaled above a normal inspiration

total lung capacity (TLC) - total amount of air that can be contained in the lungs after maximum inhalation

inspiratory capacity (IC) - amount of air that can be inhaled after normal exhalation

vital capacity (VC) – amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs by maximum exhalation after maximum inhalation

functional residual capacity (FRC) - amount of air remaining in the lungs after normal exhalation

forced expiratory volume (FEV) - volume of gas exhaled with maximum force within a given interval of time; the time interval is shown as a subscript, such as FEV, (one second) and FEV (three seconds)

forced vital capacity (FVC) - the volume of gas exhaled as rapidly and completely as possible after a complete inhalation