Latin Revision

Latin Section

Present Tense Verb Endings for Each Verb Conjugation

  • Four main conjugations to learn for present tense verb endings:

    • 1st Conjugation:

    • Example verb: porto, portare (to carry)

    • 2nd Conjugation:

    • Example verb: moneo, monere (to warn)

    • 3rd Conjugation:

    • Example verb: traho, trahere (to drag)

    • 4th Conjugation:

    • Example verb: audio, audire (to hear)

Recognizing and Forming Latin Infinitives

  • Infinitives are the base forms of verbs, which in Latin often end in -are, -ere, or -ire, indicative of their conjugation.

Irregular Verb: Sum

  • The verb sum (to be) is an irregular verb with specific endings that need to be memorized.

Noun Endings for All Five Noun Cases

  • Five noun cases that have been encountered in various declensions:

    • Nominative: Subject case

    • Accusative: Direct object case

    • Genitive: Possessive case

    • Dative: Indirect object case

    • Ablative: Means or instrument case (and others)

1st Declension Endings (Example: puella)

  • Nominative: puella (girl)

  • Accusative: puellam

  • Genitive: puellae

  • Dative: puellae

  • Ablative: puella

2nd Declension Noun Endings

  • Masculine nouns (Example: dominus, lord)

    • Nominative: dominus

    • Accusative: dominum

    • Genitive: domini

    • Dative: domino

    • Ablative: domino

  • -r variant (Example: vir, man)

  • Neuter nouns (Example: bellum, war)

    • Nominative: bellum

    • Accusative: bellum

    • Genitive: belli

    • Dative: bello

    • Ablative: bello

Prepositions

  • Prepositions that go before nouns in the accusative case:

    • Examples include ad (to), per (through).

  • Prepositions that go before nouns in the ablative case:

    • Examples include a/ab (from), e/ex (out of).

To, From, and In Cities

  • Vocabulary associated with prepositions related to cities or location indicators.

Time Duration

  • Understanding and expressing the concept of time duration (how long).

Vocabulary

  • Chapter 1 Vocabulary: Specific terms and definitions introduced in Chapter 1.

  • Chapter 2 Vocabulary: Specific terms and definitions introduced in Chapter 2.

Classical Civilization Section

The Story of the Judgement of Paris

  • Overview of the mythological narrative leading to the Trojan War.

  • Key characters involved: Eris (goddess of discord), Zeus (king of gods), Paris (prince of Troy), Helen (of Troy), and the divine contest among Athena, Aphrodite, and Hera for the title of the fairest.

The Vase Painting of the Judgement of Paris

  • Examination of a specific vase painting that illustrates the Judgement of Paris, showcasing the visual representation of this mythological event.

The Story of the Sacrifice of Iphigenia

  • Narrative detailing the sacrifice made to appease the goddess Artemis, involving Agamemnon and his daughter Iphigenia.

  • Significance in the context of the Trojan War narrative.

The Story of the Trojan Horse

  • The tactical deception leading to the fall of Troy, involving the infamous Trojan Horse.

Key Individuals and Their Involvement

  • Eris: goddess known for sparking the conflict.

  • Zeus: plays a pivotal role in the unfolding events.

  • Paris: his choice leads to the war.

  • Helen: the cause of the war, her abduction leads to conflict.

  • Athena, Aphrodite, Hera: deities involved in the judgement.

  • Menelaus: husband of Helen; seeks to retrieve her.

  • Agamemnon: leader of the Greek forces.

  • Ulysses/Odysseus: known for his cunning strategy.

  • Sinon: Greek who tricks the Trojans.

  • Laocoon: warns the Trojans against bringing the horse into the city.

Revision Resources

  • All necessary revision materials are accessible through OneNotes.

  • Availability of a PDF version of the textbook on the Teams page for additional study materials.

Milestone Exam Components

  • The milestone will consist of:

    • Grammar questions: Tasks like writing out verb and noun endings in tabulated format.

    • English grammar questions: Assessments related to English grammar.

    • Translation tasks: Translating Latin phrases into English.

    • Factual knowledge questions: Questions pertaining to the Trojan War topics.

    • Extended answer: A comprehensive essay on an aspect of the Trojan War that encompasses knowledge from various areas covered in the coursework.

Vocabulary List

  • a/ab (+ abl): from, away from

  • ager, agri: field (m)

  • annus, -i: year (m)

  • aqua, -ae: water (f)

  • arma, -orum: weapons (n pl)

  • audio, -ire: I hear, I listen to

  • auxilium, -i: help (n)

  • bellum, -i: war (n)

  • bibo, -ere: I drink

  • cum (+ abl): with

  • custodio, -ire: I guard

  • de (+ abl): about, from, down from

  • decem: ten

  • do, dare: I give

  • donum, -i: gift, present (n)

  • dormio, -ire: I sleep

  • duco, -ere: I lead, I take

  • e/ex (+ abl): from, out of, out

  • habeo, -ere: I have, I hold

  • hora, -ae: hour (f)

  • in (+ abl): in, on

  • inquit: he/she says, pl they say (usually interrupts quoted speech)

  • invenio, -ire: I find

  • iubeo, -ere: I order

  • lego, -ere: I read; I choose

  • liber, libri: book (m)

  • mitto, -ere: I send

  • moneo, -ere: I warn, I advise

  • murus, -i: wall (m)

  • periculum, -i: danger (n)

  • puer, pueri: boy (m)

  • punio, -ire: I punish

  • quinque: five

  • scribo, -ere: I write

  • sedeo, -ere: I sit

  • taberna, -ae: shop, inn (f)

  • templum, -i: temple (n)

  • terreo, -ere: I frighten

  • timeo, -ere: I fear, I am afraid

  • traho, -ere: I drag

  • venio, -ire: I come

  • verbum, -i: word (n)

  • video, -ere: I see

  • vinum, -i: wine (n)

  • vir, viri: man, male (m)