Cardiac side notes

Heart valve pneumonic

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  • A - Aortic

    • 2nd intercostal right sternal border

    • semilunar valve

  • P - pulmonic

    • 2nd intercostal space left

    • semilunar valve

  • T - tricuspid

    • 4th intercostal space left sternal border

    • AV valve

  • M - Mitral

    • 5th intercostal space left side, lining up with the middle of the clavicle

    • AV valve

    • Where would you hear S1 most

• Semi-lunar valves (This is what makes S2 sound) - closure of the valves that control blood flow from the ventricles to the arteries

  • heard best at the base or top portion of the heart

• AV valves (s1 sound) - closure of the valves between the atria and the ventricles

  • heard best at the mitral valve or apex of the heart

  • apex = bottom

  • base = top

• abnormal heart sounds

  • extra heart sounds

    • S3

      • volume overload or pregnancy

      • best heart at apex or pregnancy

    • S4 heart sound

      • occurs when atrium is pumped into a non compliant ventricle

        • htn

        • left vent hypertrophy

        • can be benign when aging

        • heard at apex

    • split s2 is normal when?

      • if you only hear it in inspiration

      • what if you hear during expiration?

        • refer to cards

    • Murmurs

      • diastolic

        • MS ARD

          • mitral stenosis

            • M for mid diastolic and low pitch in nature

          • aoirtic regurg

            • this A is early

          • diastolic