Research paper 2

Flood Early Warning Detection System Prototype Based on IoT Network

Overview

  • The paper discusses a flood early warning detection system prototype based on IoT.

  • It utilizes Arduino and ultrasonic sensors to monitor water levels.

  • Data is sent to a cloud server, accessible through GSM and GPRS modules.

  • The system aims to alert users when water levels reach a critical height.

Abstract

  • The system effectively operates with some limitations, such as:

    • Sensor accuracy: about 20%.

    • Responsiveness issues of GSM/GPRS modules.

  • This system aims to reduce flood casualties in future incidents.

Introduction

  • Floods are frequent and deadly disasters in Indonesia, with significant casualties.

  • This project proposes a system to predict floods through real-time water level monitoring.

  • Systems in other studies used ultrasonic sensors and GSM technology for alerts.

Basic Concepts and Literature Review

  • Internet of Things (IoT): Connecting devices to the internet to exchange data.

    • Communication Models: Four types of IoT communications:

      • Device to Device

      • Device to Cloud

      • Device to Gateway

      • Back End Data Sharing.

Previous Research Comparison

  • Differentiated various Flood Early Warning Detection Systems (FEWDS) with pros and cons.

  • Reviewed effectiveness of using GSM, radio frequency communication, and other technologies for flood alerts.

Design Specification and Implementation

  • Hardware Used:

    • Arduino UNO R3: Microcontroller for data processing.

    • Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04): Measures water level.

    • GSM & GPRS Module (SIM900): Transmits data and messages to users.

Experimentation and Results

  • Successful system operations; however, one module (Wi-Fi) could not be processed.

  • Performance tested under various conditions:

    • Sensor readings provide regular updates on water levels via web and SMS.

  • Notable results of measurement accuracy: only 2 out of 10 readings consistently matched actual conditions.

Conclusion

  • The prototype effectively monitors water levels and informs registered users.

  • Future improvements needed for better accuracy and reliability (e.g., using more precise ultrasonic sensors).

  • The system contributes as a potential solution to mitigate flood risks.