Louis Kahn Notes

Louis Kahn Biography

  • Born in Estonia in 1901, moved to USA in 1905.
  • Lived in poverty in Philadelphia.
  • Attended Central High School and Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts on scholarship (1912-1920).
  • Graduated with a degree in architecture from the University of Pennsylvania in 1924.
  • Became a prominent architect in the 1950s.
  • Travelled extensively in Europe, studying historical and modern buildings.

Career Highlights

  • 1925-26: Senior draughtsman in a design office, later chief of design.
  • 1930: Joined the office of Paul Cret as a designer.
  • 1932-33: Director of research at the Architectural Research Group, focusing on city planning and housing.
  • 1935: Registered with the American Institute of Architects.
  • 1936: Organized exhibition of government housing at MoMA.
  • 1946-52: Consulting architect for the Philadelphia City Planning Commission.
  • 1947: Started independent practice.
  • 1947-57: Professor of architecture and chief critic at Yale University.
  • 1950-51: American Academy in Rome; travelled in Italy, Greece, and Egypt.
  • 1956: Professor of Architecture and Planning at MIT.
  • 1954-74: Professor of architecture, University of Pennsylvania.
  • 1960: Fellow at Princeton University; lectured at Yale, Harvard, and other universities.

Awards and Recognition

  • 1960: Arnold Brunner Award prize.
  • 1961: Graham Foundation Fellowship for Advanced Studies in Fine Arts Medal for Achievement.
  • 1969: Silver medal, University of Connecticut; Gold medal of Philadelphia.
  • 1970: Gold medal of the New York chapter of the American Institute of Architects; Gold medal of the American Institute of Architects; Gold medal from RIBA.
  • 1992: Landmark Building Award for Margaret Esherick House.
  • Honorary doctorates from Polytechnic Institute, University of North Carolina, Yale University, La Salle College, Maryland Institute of College of Arts, and Bard College.

Khan's Design Philosophy

  • Form: Includes new and ancient forms, subordinate to an eternal order.
  • Geometry: The visible expression of form; uses existing forms to harmonize individual ideas.
  • Space: An entity autonomous with form, representing a single element in the floor plan.
  • Light: Daylight is essential for the specific character of space.
  • Construction: Determines space with structure, giving space-giving force.
  • Material: Shows material in its natural quality.

Famous Buildings

  • Trenton Bathhouse (1955): Early work with changing rooms and pyramidal roofs.
  • Margaret Esherick House: Influenced all his work to follow and won Landmark Building award from the Philadelphia chapter of American Instit of Architects
  • Richards Medical Research Building: Research facilities with flexible lab space.
  • Salk Institute for Biological Studies: Labs designed around a courtyard with a stream connecting to the ocean.
  • Phillips Exeter Academy Library: Designed with books at the center and study carrels on the periphery.
  • Kimbell Art Museum: Famous for its lighting system and concrete walls.

Buildings in India and Bangladesh

  • Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad: Used local bricks and concrete; some dormitories faced demolition.
  • National Assembly Building, Dhaka: Stands on an artificial lake; construction started in 1961, opened in 1982.