Book 29 Vocabulary Review

PAGE 1: PARTS OF SPEECH ABBREVIATIONS AND VOCABULARY (A - A)

Parts of Speech Abbreviations

  • adj: adjective

  • adv: adverb

  • conj: conjunction

  • exp: expression

  • m: modal

  • n: noun

  • prep: preposition

  • v: verb

Vocabulary Definitions

  • abrupt (adj): Happening suddenly without warning.   - Example: The abrupt loss of his job forced Caleb to move in with his parents.

  • accessory (n): An addition to something to make it more useful or better in some way.   - Example: The camera he bought came with several accessories.

  • admire (v): To think of someone or something with pleasure and respect.   - Example: Of all the U.S. presidents, I admire Lincoln the most.

  • adult (n): A completely grown person, especially of legal age.   - Example: The price of a child's ticket is usually less than the price of a ticket for an adult.

  • -al/-ial (suffix): Noun + -al/-ial = adjective.   - Example: He is an industrial engineer.

  • alcohol (n): A colorless, strong-smelling liquid used to clean and disinfect; it is also found in some medicines and products such as beer and wine.   - Example 1: The nurse used alcohol to clean the wound.   - Example 2: In most states, people cannot drink alcohol until they are 2121 years old.

  • announce (v): To cause to be known.   - Example: The radio announced a time change for the news show.

  • auxiliary (adj): Helping; adding support.   - Example: Auxiliary units were called in to help the city's firemen extinguish the huge fire.

PAGE 2: VOCABULARY AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS (B - C)

  • backbone (n): The row of bones that goes down the center of the back.   - Example: Major Keller, who was in a serious car accident, broke his backbone.

  • balance (n): Something which remains or is left.   - Example: The first 55 months of the year will be quite busy; the balance of the year will be slow.

  • blank (n): An empty space, especially one to be filled out on a printed form.   - Example: When you take this test, make sure you mark your answers in the blanks.

  • blowtorch (n): A device used to weld.   - Example: A welder uses a blowtorch throughout much of the workday.

  • booth (n): A small, enclosed space.   - Example: You have to buy a ticket from the woman in the ticket booth.

  • brave (adj): Not having or showing fear; opposite of fearful.   - Example: "Be brave, Johnny; this won't hurt a bit!" said the dentist.

  • bring about (v): To cause to happen.   - Example: Being exposed to cold weather can bring about illness.

  • bundle (n): Items fastened together; a package.   - Example: Put your dirty clothes in a bundle to take to the laundry.

  • by hand (exp): Done with the hand(s) instead of using a machine.   - Example: Please write your paragraph by hand.

  • café (n): A restaurant, bar.   - Example: Mr. Davis has eaten in the same café for 2020 years.

  • call in (v): To request the presence of a person(s) for a particular purpose.   - Example: The doctor called in the next patient.

  • catalog (n): A book listing products for use or sale often with descriptions, photographs, and prices.   - Example: Look in the catalog to see if they have those gloves.

  • come out (v): To become available; to start to be manufactured or sold.   - Example: Space Magazine comes out once a month.

  • competent (adj): Capable, proficient, able.   - Example: A competent person is one who performs a job skillfully.

PAGE 3: VOCABULARY AND TECHNICAL TERMS (C - D)

  • complicate (v): To make difficult.   - Example: Don’t complicate things for yourself; keep it simple.

  • content (n): The items or substance contained within an enclosed space, such as a box, envelope, etc.; the subject matter of a paragraph, book, etc.   - Example 1: Dan smiled when he saw the contents of the envelope.   - Example 2: The content of the newspaper article was very upsetting to Fred.

  • core (n): The center; the most important part of something.   - Example 1: The sun is the core of our solar system.   - Example 2: Many people believe that the mother is the core of the family.

  • courage (n): The quality shown by someone willing to do something hard or dangerous despite being afraid.   - Example: It takes a lot of courage to dive into the water from high rocks.

  • course of action (exp): A plan, procedure.   - Example: If you want results, your best course of action is to talk directly to the supervisor.

  • curvature (n): The degree of a curve; being curved.   - Example 1: The curvature of this road makes it difficult to drive on it.   - Example 2: Some children suffer from curvature of the spine.

  • defy (v): To resist, oppose.   - Example: The teenage boy defied his parents’ rules, so they punished him.

  • diagnosis (n): The identification of a sickness, disease, or problem.   - Example: After several tests, the doctor was able to give me a diagnosis of my illness.

  • direct (adj): Going the shortest distance from one location to another without stopping or turning; straight.   - Example: We planned a direct route to your house.

  • disc (n): A round, flat object.   - Example: George had to undergo a medical procedure to fix some of the discs in his back.

  • diseased (adj): Having a serious sickness.   - Example: The diseased animals were removed from the zoo.

  • distinct (adj):   1. Precise, definite.   2. Noticeably different, separate.   - Example 1: I am looking for a distinct carpet color.   - Example 2: This photograph is very distinct; I can see all the details.

PAGE 4: VOCABULARY AND VERB DERIVATIONS (D - F)

  • distinguish (v):   1. To make different or special.   2. To recognize differences.   - Example 1: Our car designs distinguish us from our competitors.   - Example 2: Those two girls are identical twins, so it’s difficult to distinguish which one’s Jane and which one’s Joan.

  • distract (v): To draw attention away from.   - Example: The view from the window distracted him from studying.

  • draw (v):   1. To pull.   2. To attract.   - Example 1: A horse was used to draw the fallen tree from the road.   - Example 2: The light drew a lot of insects.

  • -en (suffix): Adjective + -en = verb.   - Example: Please sharpen the knives before dinner.

  • encourage (v): To give hope, courage, confidence, support.   - Example: Although I thought the problem was too difficult, my teacher encouraged me to try harder to find a solution.

  • evaluate (v): To determine the value or extent of.   - Example: Since that student has been here for only 22 weeks, it’s difficult to evaluate his progress right now.

  • exhibit (v): To demonstrate, display, show.   - Example: A commanding officer should exhibit excellent traits so as to be an example for his subordinates.

  • factor (n): Something contributing to a result.   - Example: The climate of an area is an important factor in determining where some people choose to live and work.

  • file (v): To put forms or documents in a particular place, so they are easy to find.   - Example: Aunt Clare always files her recipes in an old shoebox.

  • flavor (n): Taste.   - Example: Mexican food often gets its flavor from hot peppers.

  • flaw (n): A fault, weakness.   - Example: The new car design has a major flaw; it doesn't start easily.

  • foundation (n): An idea or principle on which something is established; basis.   - Example: Trust is the foundation of our company.

  • frame (n): A structural case which surrounds or supports something.   - Example 1: The art museum purchased a picture frame of solid gold.   - Example 2: Many houses in the United States have wooden frames.

PAGE 5: VOCABULARY AND WORD SUFFIXES (G - K)

  • get on with (v): To continue.   - Example: The captain urged the recruits to get on with their studies.

  • glow (v): To shine.   - Example: The clock glows in the dark.

  • goods (n): Items for sale; merchandise.   - Example: The BX sells all kinds of goods.

  • graph (n): A type of diagram with intersecting vertical and horizontal lines.   - Example: The graph showed an increase in the cost of living.

  • host (n): One who receives guests.   - Example: The host introduced us to his other guests.

  • -ify (suffix): Adjective/Noun + -fy/-ify = verb.   - Example: We will electrify the fence for added security.

  • implement (v): To carry out, put into practice or effect.   - Example: We will implement the new regulations as soon as the chief approves them.

  • in connection with (prep): Relating to.   - Example: There will be a parade in connection with the celebration.

  • incorporate (v): To unite together, include.   - Example: More reading and writing skills are incorporated into our new language books.

  • integrity (n): The quality of being honest or honorable.   - Example: Integrity is an important trait; all leaders should have so that their followers will believe in them.

  • intense (adj): Strong or extreme; performed with or exhibiting great energy, interest, or exertion.   - Example 1: The soldiers survived the intense cold by wearing several layers of clothing.   - Example 2: Mr. Doyle reads 33 books a day. His love for literature is intense.

  • inventory (n): Items on hand, often for distribution or sale.   - Example: The book supply room keeps an inventory of books for teachers and students.

  • -ize (suffix): Adjective/Noun + -ize = verb.   - Example: You should categorize your books by subject.

  • kidney (n): An organ in the body which separates liquid waste from the blood.   - Example: The kidneys are essential to the proper functioning of the body.

PAGE 6: MILITARY SCIENCE AND SOCIAL VOCABULARY (L - O)

  • logistics (n): The branch of military science concerned with planning and organizing complex activities or events which often include many people.   - Example: Logistics for the safe transport of the tanks are being completed.

  • materiel (n): Arms, ammunition, and equipment in general.   - Example: Some military materiel may be better used for peaceful purposes.

  • merchandise (n): Things for sale.   - Example: Some stores offer merchandise at a lower price.

  • minor (n): A person who is not an adult.   - Example: Minors cannot buy cigarettes.

  • monitor (n): A computer screen; a device for checking performance.   - Example 1: Look at the computer monitor. Do you see your mistake?   - Example 2: The patient was hooked up to a heart monitor.

  • monitor (v): To watch or check performance.   - Example 1: In the instructor's absence, Lt. Palmer monitored the group.   - Example 2: The monthly test helps students monitor their progress.

  • morale (n): Feelings of enthusiasm and loyalty towards a mission or job.   - Example: Although it lost the football game, the team's morale was still high.

  • nature (n): The qualities and characteristics of a person, personality.   - Example: Mrs. Collins has a very generous nature. She always helps her family and friends when they have problems.

  • neighborhood (n): A small section of a city or town.   - Example: We live in one of the older neighborhoods in town.

  • network (n): A group of things connected such as roads, computers, persons, etc.   - Example 1: The military has a large computer network.   - Example 2: A reliable network of volunteers helps the hospital run efficiently.

  • one after another (exp): In sequence.   - Example: The cars came through the gate one after another.

  • outfit (n): An organization, a group of people working together.   - Example: A military unit is often called an outfit.

  • outfit (v): To supply, provide, or equip.   - Example: The soldiers were outfitted with clothing and equipment for their first mission.

PAGE 7: VOCABULARY AND VERBAL PHRASES (P - R)

  • pass away (v): A polite way to say ‘to die’.   - Example: After his father passed away, Sam managed the family business.

  • pass on (v): To give an object, information, knowledge, etc. to someone.   - Example 1: Read this and then pass it on to the others.   - Example 2: What values are we passing on to our children?

  • periodically (adv): Occurring at regular intervals over time.   - Example: Change the oil in your car periodically to keep the engine running smoothly.

  • perspire (v): To sweat.   - Example: Most people perspire when exercising.

  • potential (n): An existing possibility, ability, or capacity.   - Example: This room has the potential for seating up to 350350 people.

  • preserve (v): To save, keep.   - Example: In order to preserve your health, eat a lot of fresh vegetables.

  • prime (adj): The best or very good; main; first in importance, rank, or time.   - Example 1: Safety is the prime concern.   - Example 2: Smoking is a prime example of a bad habit.   - Example 3: The prime candidate for governor died.

  • primitive (adj): Simple, not developed or modern.   - Example: People who lived long ago used primitive tools.

  • prove (v): To demonstrate as true.   - Example: Scientists did many experiments to prove the earth rotates.

  • punch (v): To hit with a closed hand.   - Example: Alex broke his hand when he punched the concrete wall.

  • rare (adj): Not common.   - Example: She suffers from a rare blood disease.

  • reject (v): To not accept; refuse.   - Example: The items were rejected because they were damaged.

  • relate (v): To tell, see, or show connection between.   - Example: The police asked the victim to relate details of the crime.

  • relation (n): A connection.   - Example: What is the relation between time and space?

PAGE 8: VOCABULARY, PREFIXES, AND BIOLOGICAL TERMS (R - S)

  • repeatedly (adv): Again and again.   - Example: His allergy caused him to sneeze repeatedly.

  • reside (v): To live in a place.   - Example: How many people reside in this apartment?

  • resident (n): One who resides.   - Example: I’m a resident of this town, not a visitor.

  • reveal (v): To tell or make known.   - Example 1: X-rays often reveal problems which cannot be seen.   - Example 2: The truth was revealed when the newspaper printed the story.

  • rivet (n): A metal pin used for fastening.   - Example: There is a rivet that attaches the knife blade to the handle.

  • salary (n): A fixed amount of money paid regularly to an employee for work performed.   - Example: Our salary is paid every 22 weeks.

  • segment (n): A part or section.   - Example: The ship was put together one segment at a time.

  • self- (prefix): Of, by, in, to, or with oneself or itself.   - Example: Self-discipline is an important trait for soldiers to have. They shouldn't need to be disciplined by their superiors.

  • since then (exp): From a past time until now.   - Example: Hal got his driver license last year; since then, he has been driving his brother to school.

  • skeleton (n): The system or structure of bones that supports the body.   - Example: The human skeleton has over 200200 bones.

  • slam (v): To shut or apply pressure forcibly.   - Example 1: When he slammed the door, we heard the noise all the way down the hall.   - Example 2: Matthew lost control of his car, and it slammed into a tree.

  • specify (v): To explain in detail.   - Example: Please specify which job you are applying for.

  • spine (n): The row of bones located down the center of the back.   - Example: Breaking a bone in the spine can be very serious.

  • stock (n): Products on hand.   - Example: The BX has a good stock of clothing.

PAGE 9: VOCABULARY, IDIOMS, AND METALLURGY (S - T)

  • strip (n): A long, narrow piece of land, tape, wood, etc.   - Example: What time will our plane reach the landing strip?

  • style (n): A kind or type; a manner, a way of doing.   - Example: Our new printing machine has 1515 different styles of print from which to choose.

  • take action (exp): To begin action.   - Example: Because of all the recent problems in our neighborhood, we are going to take action and start a Neighborhood Watch Program.

  • take charge (of) (exp): To take control (of).   - Example: While the president of the company is on vacation, the vice-president will take charge.

  • take in (v): To understand.   - Example: The students couldn't take in all the new information from the teacher.

  • take inventory (exp): To make a list of items and their quantities.   - Example: We need to take inventory of the books to find out how many we have.

  • take it out on (exp): To express one's feelings by making someone else feel bad; be unpleasant or unkind to someone because one is upset or angry.   - Example: The drill instructor was angry with one basic trainee, but he took it out on the entire company by making all of them run an extra 55 miles.

  • take leave (exp): To take a vacation.   - Example: Some people like to take leave on their birthday to celebrate.

  • terminal (n): A building where passengers arrive and depart by bus, train, plane, etc.   - Example: I'll meet you next to the bus terminal at 77.

  • tin (n): A soft, bluish-white metal frequently used as a protective cover for iron and steel; a metallic element.   - Example: Tin forms a corrosion-resistive coating on steel.

  • trait (n): A characteristic or quality that results in one person or thing being different from another.   - Example: Her willingness to help others is her best trait. That's the quality I like most about her.

  • trash (n): Unusable or unwanted items that are thrown away.   - Example: The trash is picked up once a week.

  • trustworthy (adj): Capable of being trusted, dependable.   - Example: In order to work in a bank, a person must be trustworthy since many people depend on him or her to take care of their money.

PAGE 10: INFRASTRUCTURE, VALUES, AND METALWORKS (T - W)

  • tubing (n): Tubes or pipes.   - Example: The copper tubing inside the air conditioner must be replaced.

  • tunnel (n): A long, circle-shaped structure below the ground, sea, or through a mountain, for automobiles, trains, or people to pass through.   - Example: They dug a tunnel through the mountain, so the highway could pass through.

  • values (n): Standards; people's ideas about the value of certain qualities.   - Example: A person's values are his or her opinions about what's important in life.

  • weld (v): To join one piece of metal to another by heating them until the edges melt together.   - Example: The hull of the ship was welded together.

  • wild (adj):   1. Living away from, and without the care of, humans; uncontrolled and dangerous.   2. Having no control over oneself.   - Example 1: The children look for wild animals when they visit a park.   - Example 2: Some people go wild at soccer games.

  • wilderness (n): A wild, undeveloped area in which few, if any, people live.   - Example: We saw only wild animals in the wilderness.

  • wreck (n): An accident involving a vehicle that has been damaged or destroyed.   - Example: The wreck closed the highway for hours.