Comprehensive Study Guide on Latitude and Geographic Principles of Latitude
Definition and Astronomical Basis of Latitude
Latitude is defined as the distance, measured in units of degrees, extending north or south from the Earth's equator.
The equator functions as the primary reference point and has been designated as latitude.
The designation of the equator as is based on astronomical observations: the sun, moon, and planets pass almost directly overhead at this location.
Hemispheres and Directional Notation
When reading or writing latitude coordinates, it is mandatory to specify "North" or "South" to indicate the direction from the equatorial reference point.
The Earth is divided into two hemispheres based on latitude: - The Northern Hemisphere is the region located north of the equator. - The Southern Hemisphere is the region located south of the equator.
Characteristics of Parallels
Lines of latitude are known as parallels.
Parallels run in a west-to-east direction around the globe.
Despite their west-to-east orientation, their purpose is to measure distances in a north or south direction.
The physical length of the parallels varies depending on their location on the Earth.
Distance Measurements Between Degrees
Although the length of parallels varies, the distance between each degree of latitude remains fairly constant.
Specific distance measurements for degrees of latitude include: - Near the equator: The distance between each degree is approximately . - Near the poles: The distance between each degree is approximately .