Computer System Organization

Computer System Organization

  • The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software, and Networking (6th Edition) by Irv Englander and Wilson Wong.

  • Focuses on fundamental principles of computer hardware, software architecture, and networking.

  • Copyright: 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Overview

  • Key Concepts:

    • System Architecture

    • Buses

    • Channel Subsystem Architecture

    • Trends in Information Technology.

System Architecture

  • Common aspects across various computer system architectures:

    • Components: Include CPU(s), memory, I/O devices.

    • Controllers: Manage component interactions.

    • Interconnections: Buses connecting components.

Basic Personal Computer System Components (Page 4)

  • Key components include:

    • CPU: Central Processing Unit, executes instructions.

    • Memory: RAM and Cache, stores data and instructions.

    • I/O Devices:

      • Keyboard, Mouse, Graphics, and Audio Controllers.

      • USB ports, HDMI, SSD, and Hard Disk.

Typical Smartphone System (Page 5)

  • Components:

    • Microcontroller, memory, various I/O devices (gyroscopes, accelerometers).

    • Connectivity features: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS.

    • Display: Touchscreen capabilities for user interaction.

Mainframe Computer System (Page 6)

  • Key components:

    • Central Processors: Multi-CPU systems for high-level processing.

    • Coupling facilities for inter-processor communication.

    • Multiple I/O devices connected to a central system.

Major Components of a PC System (Page 7)

  • Keyboard Controller: Manages inputs from keyboards.

  • Memory Cache: Enhances processing speed by storing frequently accessed data.

  • GPU Controller: Handles graphical outputs and processing.

Motherboard (Page 8)

  • Definition: The main printed circuit board (PCB) housing the CPU and supporting components.

  • Key connectivity points for system integration.

Layout of a Typical Desktop PC (Page 9)

  • Includes:

    • Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts electricity for use by the system.

    • Drive Bays: For SSDs, HDDs, and optical drives.

    • Ports: USB, HDMI for peripherals and displays.

System Architecture Types (Page 10)

  • Bus Architecture:

    • Common in personal computers, workstations, and some embedded systems.

  • Channel Subsystem Architecture:

    • More prominent in mainframe computers.

Basic System Interconnection Requirements (Page 11)

  • Key components:

    • CPU(s), Memory, I/O Devices, and Controllers.

  • Backplane/ System Bus: Physical paths that connect components on a motherboard.

Basic CPU-Memory-I/O Pathway (Page 12)

  • Functionality overview:

    • Direct communication pathways between CPU, memory, and I/O devices.

Generalized Bus Interface Configuration (Page 13)

  • Key components include:

    • PCI-Express: For high-speed data transfer.

    • SATA and USB interfaces for connection to external devices.

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