Differential Educational Achievement by Gender: Peer Group Interaction

What are peer group interactions?

  • Influence of friendship groups and other students

  • Girls are seen as more positive in supporting peers

  • Boys see education as ‘feminised’ and not masculine

Female peer groups:

  • Francis (2000)- Females are encouraged to develop academic identities by the school

  • Female peer groups have more cooperation and collaboration when it comes to schoolwork

  • Archer et al (2007)- development of hyper-heterosexual identities reinforced by peers amongst working-class girls

Male peer groups:

  • Archer et al (2007)- Nike Identies- conformity in working-class males to wearing branded sportswear to gain symbolic status

  • Francis (2000)- boys conform to ‘macho’ stereotypes to fit in

  • Epstein (1998)- laddish subcultures use derogatory terms to describe boys who achieve- similar to Ward (2015) and Willis (1977)

How peer group interactions influence educational achievement:

  • Girls develop more pro-school and pro-education behaviours

  • Behaviours are often reinforced by school and female role models in particular

  • Boys develop more anti-authority values and display resistance to school

  • Teacher reactions lead to boys being denied status in education

Evaluations:

  • Peer group interactions are often class-based and cannot be judged on gender alone

  • The generalisation that boys act in an anti-authority manner- Ward (2015) and Willis (1977) both had boys who conformed

  • Other factors such as the rise in feminisation and role models influence peer group interactions in both boys and girls