Chapter 5/6 Test

Stamp Act of 1765

• passed by England

• required colonists to pay a tax on all printed items

• Prompted Ben F. to propose American representation in Brit Parliament

  • Not accpeted

Stamp Act Congress of 1765

• First continental congress (1765) in response to the Stamp Act

• Example of intellectual resistence

Declaratory Act of 1766

• Following the repeal of the Stamp Act

• Pacified British: declared that Brit still had full control over the colonies

• Antagonized colonists

Townshend Acts of 1767

• New prime minister Townshend → taxes on colonial imports

• Some $ used too pay  salaries of royal officials in the colonies

• Acts → riots

Sons of Liberty

• A group engaging in the rebellion

• violent/direct protest

• Organized the general public

  • Ex, Boston Tea Party

Daughters of Liberty

• Engaged indirectly

• Made fabric during nonimportation movements

• Helped w/ economic nationalism

Boston Massacre

• Crowd of colonists threw stones and ice at the soldiers

• The soldiers fired + killed 5 colonnist

• Created outrage in the colonies

Boston Tea Party 1773

• When lord north replaced townshend →  repeals townshend acts

• Leave the tea tax → the Boston Tea Party

Coercive Acts

• 4 acts to stop patriot rebellion

1. Closed down Boston Harbor → colonists reliance eon national goods

2. The Justice Act → colonist were tried in england

3. Took away colonist’s charter → colonists couldnt have meetings to make the laws

   1. The colonists could hold meeting to make laws

4. The quartering Act

• Result: The Continental Congress

First Continental Congress

• The colonies built a united gov. (as suggested in the Albany Conference BF)

• In philadelphia, PA

• Planning war

• Writing the articles of confederation

Lexington and Concord

• The first military battle between the colonies + Britain

• Lexington is won by GB 

• Concord is won by the colonies (big deal/morale boost)

Second Continental Congress in 1755

• Second meeting of the Continental Congress

• Raised army - appointed Wahsington at the lead

• Issued paper currency

• Preceded attack at bunker hill

Olive Branch Petition of 1775

• 1 year before the declaration of independence

• A group patriots write let4ter to king after win at concord

• Ask for freedom form parliament w/o war

• Willing to maintain connecions

• The petition was rejected

King's Response to the Olive Branch Petition

• The Royal Proclamation of Rebellion in 1775

• The king stated that he is sending his military to terminate the rebellion

Common Sense by Thomas Paine of 1776

• Followed the Royal Proclamation of Rebellion

• Issues discussed

  • The importance of independence

  • Natural rights

  • British rule → all problems

• Urges the people to use their common sense/ stand up for themselves by any means necessary

Declaration of Independence of 1776

•  July 4th 1776

• Mostly written my Thomas Jefferson

• States that everyone has natural rights 

Chapter 6 Study Guide

Terms:

Battle of Saratoga (upstate new york)

• In 1777

• The patriots win against the british → turning point

• Impact: France is willing to ally w/ the colonists

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

• The last battle between GB and US

• America wins

Articles of Confederation

• First constitution written by the continental congress in 1777

• Written after declaration of independence

• Was extremely weak/couldn’t do much

• Strengths

  • Congress could declare war

  •  make treaties

• Weaknesses

  • The national gov cant tax

  • Cant draft

  • No national court system –. Each state makes its own laws

Shays’ Rebellion (1786)

• In Massachusets  countryside

• Armed uprising of lower class patriots: farmers/merchants

• Led by Captain Daniel Shays of the Continental Army

• In response to increased taxes from the state

• Resembled resistance to stamp act - they felt that Amer gov replaced British tyranny so = ironic b/c they same issues are happening

• Impact: the Massachusetts gov. Passed the Riot Act which allowed them to disperse Shays’s army

• The america realized the gov wasn’t string enough to fix issues

The Constitutional Convention

• Representatives meet to revise the articles of Confederation

• They ended up starting from scratch

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

• The colonies' expansion to the northwest

• Creation of 5 new states: Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois

• All of these states were slave free

• New regulations on state requirements: ex. Population, grid system, etc.

The Great Compromise 1787

• Problem: the representation of large and small states

• The New Jersey Plan (William Patterson)

  • states control their laws

  • each state has 1 vote in a unicameral (single tear) legislature system

• The Virginia Plan (by James Madison)

• national gov. Is superior to state sovereignty

•  Unicameral system

• Based on population

• The bigger the state → the more power

• The compromise

  • The senate: every state gets an equal amount of vote (NJ plan)

  • The House of Reps: based on population (Virginia Plan)

3/5 Compromise

• The southern states have larger populations b/ the majority of their population = enslaved people

• Higher pop → higher representation in the house of Representatives

• New Jersey objects b/c enslaved ppl = considered property

  • New Jersey urges them to free the enslaved

• Compromise: ⅗ of the enslaved ppl were counted

Fugitive Slave Clause

• Created during constitutional convention

• Enslaved people could no longer go to the North to gain freedom

• They had to be returned to the owners

Federalists and Anti-Federalists

• Federalists: want people to accept the Constitution so that it can be passed

• Antifederalists: don’t want the constitution to be passed

• The Federalist Papers: paper to convince people to like the Constitution

The president is elected by the Electoral College

• Citizens cast a vote for a representative who will vote for the president