Regional + Directional Terms

Directional Terms

  • Medial: refers to a position closer to the midline of the body.

  • Lateral: refers to a position farther away from the body's midline.

  • Proximal: refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or a given reference point.

  • Distal: refers to a position farther away from the point of attachment or a given reference point.

  • Anterior/Ventral: refers to the front side of the body, or in humans, the chest area.

  • Posterior/Dorsal: refers to the back side of the body, opposite the anterior or ventral side.

  • Superior: refers to a position higher or above another part of the body, typically towards the head or top.

  • Inferior: refers to a position lower or below another part of the body, typically towards the feet or bottom.

Regional Terms

Head Region

  • Head and Skull: Cranial or Cephalic

  • Forehead: Frontal

  • Eyes: Orbital

  • Cheeks: Buccal

  • Ears: Auricle or Otic

  • Nose: Nasal

  • Mouth: Oral

  • Chin: Mental

  • Neck: Cervical

Trunk Region

  • Chest: Thoracic

  • Breast: Mammary

  • Muscles of the chest: Pectoral

  • Sternum: Sternal

  • Stomach: Abdominal

  • Abdomen (icenter): Umbilicus or navel

  • Hip area: Coxal

  • Above the genitals: Pubic

Pelvis and LegĀ 

  • Groin (between legs and genitals): Inguinal

  • Surrounding the genitals: Pubic

  • Thighs: Femoral

  • Knee: Patellar

  • Shin: Crural

  • Ankle: Tarsal

  • Foot: Pedal

  • Toes: Digital or phalangeal

Upper Limbs

  • Armpit: Axillary

  • Upper arm: Brachial

  • Elbow: Antecubital

  • Forearm: Antebrachial

  • Wrist: Carpal

  • Palm: Palmar

  • Fingers: Digital or phalangeal

  • Thumb: Pollex

Postier View

  • Entire backside: Dorsal

  • Shoulders: Acromial

  • Upper back: Thoracic

  • Lower back: Lumbar

  • End of spine and above the buttocks: Sacral

Posterior Region of the Legs

  • Buttocks: Gluteal

  • Thigh: Femoral

  • Back of Knee: Popliteal

  • Sole: Plantar

Body Planes and Cavities

Planes

Sagittal: Divides the body into left and right parts, cuts the body down the middle

Coronal: Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse: divides the body into inferior and superior

Cavities

  • Cranial Cavity: Contains the Brain

  • Spinal Cavity: Contains the Spinal Cord

  • Dorsoal Cavity: Cavity in the back

  • Thoracic Cavity: Chest

  • Abdominal Cavity: Contains the Liver, Stomach, Pancreas, and Intestines

  • Pelvic Cavity: Contains the Bladder and Reproductive Organs

  • Abdomino-pelvic Cavity: It comprises the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Skeletal Structure

Skull

  • Mandible: Lower jaw

  • Maxilla: Upper Jaw

  • Zigomatic: What forms the cheek and the outer side of the eye socket

  • Lacrimal: A Small one forming part of the eye socket

  • Nasal: Forms the nose

  • Temporal: Side of the skull

  • Ethmoid: Separates the nasal cavity from the brain

  • Sphenoid: Middle of the skull towards the front

  • Frontal: Front upper part of the skull

  • Partial: Forms the uppermost lateral side of the skull

  • Occipital: Forms the posterior skull and posterior base of the cranial cavity

Bones In The Body

  • Skull: Head

  • Mandible: Lower jaw

  • Cervical:

  • Vertebrae: Spine

  • Thoracic: Chest

  • Lumbar: Lower spine

  • Pelvis:

  • Scrum Coccyx

  • Clavicle:

  • Scapula:

  • Sternum: Between the left and right sides of the ribs

  • Ribs:

  • Humerus: Upper arm

  • Radius: A part of the lower arm that is lateral to the body

  • Ulna: A part of the lower arm, medial to the body

  • Carplas: Wrist

  • Metacarpals:

  • Phalanges; Fingers

  • Femur: Thigh/upper leg

  • Patella: Knee

  • Tibia: The shin bone is medial to the body

  • Fibula: The Lower leg is lateral to the body

  • Trasals: Ankle

  • Metstarsals

  • Phalanges: Toes

  • Calcaneus

Rib Cage

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Pelvic Gridle

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Musles

Types of muscles

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Sliding Filament Theory

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Muscle Anatomy

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Muscle Rules

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Muscle Names

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Joint+Knee Anatomy

Types of Joints

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Range of Motion

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Tendons and Tests